AICE Marine Science AS Level Unit 3.1

Define paratism

One organism benefits and the other is harmed

Describe commensalism between manta rays and remora fish

Manta rays are unaffected, and remora fish benefit by free transportation

Describe commensalism between whales and barnacles

Whales are unaffected and barnacles benefit by free transportation

Describe the possible disadvantages of remora fish to their host’s swimming effieciency

Less hydrodynamic, reduces swimming speed, less likely to catch prey, more likely to be caught by a predator, and more energy/food required to swim the same distance/at the same speed

Describe the mutualistic relationship between coral polyps and zooxanthellae

Coral polyps benefit by gaining food/carbohydrates and zooxanthellae benefit with shelter/protection

Define mutualism

Both organisms benefit

Descirbe the mutualistic relationship between riftia and endoriftia

Riftia gains glucose/sugar from endoriftia and endoriftia gains shelter/habitat

Describe the relationship between sea anemones and clownfish

Sea anemones benefit by food/nutrition and clowfish benefits from protection from predators by sea anemone’s use of its nematocysts

Describe the mutualistic relationship between anemones and boxer crabs

Anemones benefit from food via changes in location, and boxer crabs benefit from protection from predators by anemones’ nematocysts.

Define commensalism

One organisms benefits and the other is unaffected/neither benefited nor harmed

Define the parasitic relationship between copepods and marine fish

Copepod benefits with nutrients from consuming part of the fish and marine fish/host is harmed due to lack of nutrients

Define symbiosis

Organisms of different species that have a close, long term relationship