Chapter 9 Acid-Base & Redox
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40 Terms
What is an Arrhenius acid?
A substance that produces H3O+ in water.
What is an Arrhenius base?
A substance that produces OH− in water.
What is a Brønsted acid?
A proton donor.
What is a Brønsted base?
A proton acceptor.
What is a proton?
H+.
What is hydronium?
H3O+.
What is a monoprotic acid?
An acid that donates one proton.
Give an example of a monoprotic acid.
HCl.
What is a diprotic acid?
An acid that donates two protons.
Give an example of a diprotic acid.
H2SO4.
What is a monobasic base?
A base that produces one OH−.
Give an example of a monobasic base.
NaOH.
What is a dibasic base?
A base that produces two OH−.
Give an example of a dibasic base.
Ba(OH)2.
What is neutralization?
Acid + Base → Water + Salt.
What is the net ionic equation for strong acid-strong base neutralization?
H3O+ + OH− → 2H2O.
What are the strong acids?
HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, HClO4, HClO3, H2SO4.
What is oxidation?
Loss of electrons.
What is reduction?
Gain of electrons.
What does OIL RIG stand for?
Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain.
What is a redox reaction?
A reaction involving electron transfer.
What is the oxidation number of an element in its elemental form?
0.
What is the oxidation number of a monatomic ion?
Equal to its charge.
What is the oxidation number of Group 1 metals?
+1.
What is the oxidation number of Group 2 metals?
+2.
What is fluorine's oxidation number?
−1.
What is oxygen's usual oxidation number?
−2.
What is hydrogen's usual oxidation number?
+1.
What is the sum of oxidation numbers in a neutral compound?
0.
What is the sum of oxidation numbers in a polyatomic ion?
Equal to the ion charge.
What is the activity series?
A ranking of metals by ease of oxidation.
Where are the most active metals found in the activity series?
At the top.
Where are noble metals found in the activity series?
At the bottom.
When does a single replacement reaction occur?
When the free metal is higher in the activity series.
What method is commonly used to balance redox reactions?
The half-reaction method.
What must be balanced in a redox reaction?
Mass and charge.
Why are half reactions multiplied?
To cancel electrons.
What type of reaction is combustion?
A redox reaction.
What type of reaction is decomposition sometimes?
A redox reaction.
What is disproportionation?
One element is both oxidized and reduced.