Protein Synthesis 1

Focusing on transcription

Central Dogma

DNA provides info for RNA which provides info for proteins

RNA

* Single stranded
* ribose sugar NOT DEOXYRIBOSE
* Uracil instead of thymine

Lots of types of RNA

* tRNA (transfer RNA)
* mRNA (messenger RNA)
* rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)
* more

codon

groups of three nucleic acids that join to create amino acids (64 Codons)

transcription steps

1. initiation
2. elongation
3. termination
4. processing

Initiation

RNA polymerase attaches to the promotor sequence in DNA

Promotor sequence

starting location that has lots of a’s and t’s (TATA box).

Elongation

RNA polymerase breaks hydrogen bonds and make the corresponding nitrogenous base (5 ->3 direction)

termination

newly created RNA strand dis attaches from the DNA strand

antisense strand

also called the template strand. RNA is produced on this strand

sense strand

the other strand of DNA that RNA is N

5 Cap

adding lots of modified G nucleotides

3 cap (poly-A tail)

lots of A nucleotides attached

Processing

keep exons, everything else is deleted (introns), left with exons, poly-A tail, and 5 Cap ONLY.