unit 2 biology

Autotrophs

Obtain carbon and energy from physical environment producers

Photosynthetic autotrophs

Get energy from sunlight

Chemosynthetic autotrophs

Get energy from chemicals

Heterotrophs

Consumers, feed on autotrophs, are not self nourishing

Photosynthesis formula

Water + carbon + light = glucose + oxygen

Cellular respiration formula

Glucose + oxygen = water + carbon + energy

cells release chemical energy

1. Energy stored from food is released in a series of enzyme catalyzed reactions.

2. Transfer energy from food to ATP

What does ATP stand for

Adenosine Triphosphate

ADP

Depleted energy molecule

ADP stand for

Adenosine diphosphate

ATP consists of

Adenine group

Ribose (5 carbon sugar)

3 phosphate groups

Anabolism

1. Synthesises complex molecules into simpler ones

2. Uses energy to construct new bonds( endergoic)

3. Involves reduction or condensation reactions

4. Photosynthesis is anabolic reaction

Water is produced

Catabolism

1. Digest complex molecules to from simplistic ones

2. Release energy when bonds are broken

3. Involves oxidation or hydrolysis reactions

4. Cell reparation is a catabolic reaction

Water is consumed

Chemical work

Building a large molecule

Mechanical work

Moving a muscle protein

Transport work

Pumping solutes across a membrane

Jan van Helmont experiment

Put a jar over a plant and candle to see if the candle would go out. Learned that plays release oxygen

Jan ingenhousz

Determined oxygen only produced during the day

What is photosynthesis

The process by which autotrophs convert sunlight into usable energy

Photosynthesis equation

6 carbon oxygen + 6 hydrogens and light = carbon 6 hydrogen 12 oxygen 6 + 6 oxygen