Psychology Research Methods: Validity, Sampling, and Reliability

1. Which of the following contains the most cells?

a. an organism

1. Describing a physiological variable as "homeostatic" means that it

a. is in a state of dynamic constancy that is regulated to remain near a stable set point value.

1. Blood glucose concentration rises after a meal and stimulates the pancreas to release the hormone insulin. Insulin travels in the blood and stimulates the uptake of glucose by body cells from the bloodstream, thus reducing blood glucose concentration. This is an example of _________.

a. negative feedback

1. What is the general purpose of positive feedback mechanisms?

a. to bring about a rapid change in the body

1. Diffusion is defined as the movement of a chemical from the area of __________ concentration to an area of _________ concentration.

a. high; low

1. The combined effects of inhibitory and excitatory effects on a postsynaptic cell will decide whether that cell generates an action potential. This principle is called ________.

a. Integration

1. A molecule that interacts well with water (completely dissolves in water) is called a(n)________ substance.

a. Hydrophilic

1. Oil spilled into the ocean does not easily disperse, but rather clumps into an oil slick. Which of the following explains why this occurs?

a. Oil is composed mainly of nonpolar molecules.

1. If a liver cell were to be placed in a beaker with a solution containing the same solute concentration as that found inside the cell, we would say that the beaker contained a(n) ________ solution.

a. Isotonic

1. A feature of water that makes it critical for life is that a water molecule is highly ____ and can form___.

a. Polar; hydrogen bonds.

1. The cell membrane is composed mainly of:

a. phospholipids and proteins.

1. The brain and spinal cord comprise the

a. central nervous system.

1. Inputs arrive to the ______ of neurons.

a. Dendrites

1. When a neuron receives an input from another neuron, this opens channels and allows Na+ to come into the cell. The result of this is that:

a. The membrane potential will become more positive. The cell will depolarize.

1. The minimum depolarization needed to fire an action potential is called

a. threshold.

7. The following steps refer to various stages in transmission at a synapse.

1. Excess neurotransmitter is eliminated from the synapse.

2. Ca2+ ions rush into the presynaptic neuron.

3. An action potential arrives at the axon terminal.

4. The neurotransmitter binds to postsynaptic receptor.

5. The synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft.

3

→

2

→

5

→

4

→

1

18. White matter is made of

a. myelinated axons in the CNS.

Cerebellum

Balance, Motor Learning

Temporal

Lobe

Memory, Hearing/Audition

Frontal Lobe

Executive Control, Decision Making,

Motor cortex

Parietal Lobe

Spatial Attention, Somatosensory

Occipital Lobe

vision

Schwann Cell

Provides myelin to speed up conduction of signals ins

Oligodendrocytes

Provides myelin to speed up conduction of signals CNS

Ependymal Cells

Make cerebrospinal fluid CNS

Astrocytes

Collect debris around the brain blood brain barrier (CNS)