Maths - T1 W6 Reaction rates, chemical equilibrium
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193 Terms
What is a chemical equilibrium?
A balance between the forward conversion of reactants to products and the back conversion of products to reactants
What symbol is used to represent an equilibrium reaction?
⇌
What is a dynamic equilibrium?
A state where the forward and back reactions occur at the exact same rate so macroscopic properties do not change
What is a saturated solution?
A solution that contains the maximum quantity of solute that is normally possible at a given temperature
Give examples of biologically relevant equilibria.
Haemoglobin and oxygen binding, protein-enzyme binding/dissociation, DNA hybridization, and homeostasis (temperature, pH, water control)
What does the equilibrium constant expression (K
c
) equal for a reaction aA+bB⇌cC+dD?
K
c
=
[A]
a
[B]
b
[C]
c
[D]
d
What do the square brackets in equilibrium expressions denote?
Concentrations in mol dm
−3
What does K
p
represent in chemical equilibria?
The equilibrium constant with respect to partial pressures
What does a magnitude of K
eq
1×10
2
(greater than 1000) indicate about an equilibrium position?
Products are much greater than reactants, and the equilibrium is said to "lie to the right"
What does a magnitude of K
eq
−2
indicate about an equilibrium position?
Products are much less than reactants, and the equilibrium is said to "lie to the left"
What is the reaction quotient (Q
c
)?
An expression identical in form to K
c
calculated using non-equilibrium concentrations to determine which direction a reaction will proceed
What is the self-ionisation equation for water?
H
2
O(l)⇌H
+
(aq)+OH
−
(aq)
What is the value of the ion product of water (K
w
) at 25 \textdegreeC?
1×10
−14
M
2
How does temperature affect K
w
?
Because K
w
is based on an equilibrium, it varies with temperature
How is pH defined mathematically?
pH=−log[H
+
][cite:25]
What is the pH of pure water where [H
+
]=10
−7
M?
pH=7
What is the acid dissociation constant (K
a
) formula for a weak acid HA⇌H
+
+A
−
?
K
a
=
[HA]
[H
+
][A
−
]