lab quiz flashcards for arteries and veins information

which vessels are known as resistance vessels

arteries

what is the difference in shape between arteries and veins

• arteries retain their round shape even when empty

• veins are thin walled and flaccid so they collapse (flatten) when empty

what are a few examples of conducting (elastic, large) arteries

• aorta

• right and left common carotid

• right and left subclavian

what are a few examples of distributing (muscular, medium) arteries

• brachiocephalic trunk

• internal carotid

• vertebral

what is the route of the pulmonary circuit

1. right ventricle

2. pulmonary valve

3. pulmonary trunk

4. right and left pulmonary arteries enter the lungs via the hilum

5. three lobar arteries on the right, two lobar arteries on the left

6. small basket like capillary beds that surround the pulmonary alveoli

7. blood gets rid of carbon dioxide and takes up oxygen

8. small veins combine to form larger veins that exit the lung via the hilum

9. two right and two left pulmonary veins

10. left atrium

what is the route of the systemic circuit

1. left ventricle

2. aortic valve

3. ascending aorta, (coronary circulation), aortic arch

4. thoracic and abdominal aorta

5. whole body

6. capillary beds

7. veins

8. superior and inferior vena cava

9. right atrium

what is the clinical purpose/use for arterial pressure points

• taking a pulse

• emergency pressure points when pressure is needed to reduce arterial bleeding

what is the circle of willis

1. two vertebral arteries combine to form the basilar artery

2. basilar artery divides into two posterior cerebral arteries

3. posterior communicating arteries branch off the posterior cerebral arteries

4. internal carotid arteries connect with the posterior communicating branches

5. middle cerebral arteries (not part of the circle) branch off the internal carotid arteries

6. anterior cerebral arteries branch off the internal carotid arteries

7. anterior communicating artery connects the two anterior cerebra arteries to complete the circle

what usually supplies capillary beds

10-100 capillaries supplied by a single metarteriole

what is a metarteriole

• acts as a through fair channel leading directly to venule capillaries

• empty into the distal end of the channel or directly into the venule

how does blood generally circulate through capillary beds

• not enough blood in the body to fill the entire vascular system at once

• ¾ of the capillaries are shut down at any given time

what happens to capillary beds in different areas of the body during the majority of the time (not exercising)

90% of the capillaries in skeletal muscles have little or no blood flow while capillaries beds elsewhere (i.e. intestines) shut down

what advantage does a vein have over an artery

greater capacity for blood containment than arteries

what is the comparison of the amount of blood in veins in the body versus in arteries in the body

• at rest, 54% of the blood in the body is in the systemic veins

• at rest, 11% of the blood in the body is in the systemic arteries

what are a few examples of medium veins

• internal jugular/external jugular

• hemiazygous

• splenic

• hepatic portal

what are a few examples of large veins

• superior vena cava/inferior vena cava

• right and left brachiocephalic

• pulmonary veins

• common iliac veins

what is the path of 2-3 red blood cells through the heart

1. superior vena cava and inferior vena cava

2. right atrium

3. right AV valve

4. right ventricle

5. pulmonary valve

6. pulmonary trunk

7. pulmonary arteries

8. lungs

9. pulmonary veins

10. left atrium

11. left AV valve

12. left ventricle

13. aortic valve

14. aorta

15. rest of the body

why does someone who has right heart failure have lower leg and foot/ankle swelling (peripheral edema)

• if a patient has a myocardial infarction involving their right ventricle, some of these cardiocytes die and the right ventricle cannot contract as forcefully

• right ventricle begins to fill with blood because it cannot empty completely

• blood backs up into the right atrium, inferior vena cava, and all the upstream vessels (including those in the leg)

• increased blood pressure in the vessels of the leg due to blood backing up

• this causes increased filtration of plasma-like fluid out of blood capillaries in the lower leg/foot (this is peripheral edema)

why does someone who has left heart failure have shortness of breath (pulmonary edema)

• if a patient has a myocardial infarction involving their left ventricle, some of these cardiocytes die and the left ventricle cannot contract as forcefully

• right ventricle begins to fill with blood because it cannot empty completely

• blood backs up into the left atrium, pulmonary veins, and all the upstream vessels (including those in the lungs)

• increased blood pressure in the vessels of the lungs due to blood backing up

• this causes increased filtration of plasma-like fluid out of blood capillaries in the lungs (this is pulmonary edema)

what are the layers of large veins, medium veins, and venules

• tunica externa

• tunica media (smooth muscle)

• tunica intima (simple squamous epithelium)

what are the layers of large arteries, medium arteries, and arterioles

• tunica externa

• tunica media (smooth muscle)

• tunica intima (simple squamous epithelium)

what layer(s) do capillaries include

only tunica interna (simple squamous epithelium)

which vessels are efferent

arteries are because they carry blood away from the heart

which vessels are afferent

veins are because their carry blood to the heart

what purpose do capillaries serve

they connects the smallest arteries to the smallest veins