Energy

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Energy

The capacity of a physical system to perform work or produce heat.

SI unit of energy

The joule ($\text{J}$), equivalent to one newton-meter ($1\,\text{N}\cdot\text{m}$) or $1\,\text{kg}\,\text{m}^2\,\text{s}^{-2}$.

Kinetic energy

The form of energy possessed by an object due to its motion, calculated by the equation $E_k = \frac{1}{2}m(v)^2$.

Gravitational potential energy

The energy stored in an object due to its vertical position or elevation, calculated by the equation $E_p = mgh$.

Law of conservation of energy

A fundamental principle stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another or transferred from one system to another.

Mechanical energy

The total macroscopic energy associated with the motion and position of an object, represented as the sum of kinetic and potential energy ($E_{\text{mech}} = E_k + E_p$).

Thermal energy

The total kinetic energy of the microscopic particles (atoms or molecules) vibrating and moving within a substance.

Chemical potential energy

The energy stored within the chemical bonds of atoms and molecules, which can be released or absorbed during a chemical reaction.

Energy

The capacity of a physical system to perform work or produce heat.

SI unit of energy

The joule ($\text{J}$), equivalent to one newton-meter ($1\,\text{N}\cdot\text{m}$) or $1\,\text{kg}\,\text{m}^2\,\text{s}^{-2}$.

Kinetic energy

The form of energy possessed by an object due to its motion, calculated by the equation $E_k = \frac{1}{2}m(v)^2$.

Gravitational potential energy

The energy stored in an object due to its vertical position or elevation, calculated by the equation $E_p = mgh$.

Law of conservation of energy

A fundamental principle stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another or transferred from one system to another.

Mechanical energy

The total macroscopic energy associated with the motion and position of an object, represented as the sum of kinetic and potential energy ($E_{\text{mech}} = E_k + E_p$).

Thermal energy

The total kinetic energy of the microscopic particles (atoms or molecules) vibrating and moving within a substance.

Chemical potential energy

The energy stored within the chemical bonds of atoms and molecules, which can be released or absorbed during a chemical reaction.

Nuclear energy

The potential energy stored within the nucleus of an atom, bound by the strong force and released during reactions such as fission or fusion.