endocrine system

Endocrine System

The ductless, hormone secreting glands of the body.

How do lipid soluble hormones function?

They bind to receptors inside target cells and activate a hormone complex that alters gene expression.

What is the main action of Growth Hormone (HGH)?

Promotes growth of skeletal muscles and long bones.

Which hormone decreases urine production to retain water?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Pituitary Gland Hormone: Prolactin (PRL)

Stimulates milk production.

What do eicosanoids, like prostaglandins, derive from?

Lipid derivatives.

Main function of insulin?

Stores glucose from blood to cells, decreasing blood sugar.

What is the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Increases blood calcium and decreases bone density.

What does aldosterone regulate?

Blood salts; retains salt to retain water.

What is the primary effect of melatonin?

Regulates the sleep/wake cycle.

Describe General Adaptation Syndrome (G.A.S.)

A stress response controlled by the hypothalamus, involving alarm and resistance reactions.

Role of the thymus gland

Transforms white blood cells into antibodies.

Function of Gastrin

Increases gastric juices.

What is the function of glucagon?

Releases glycogen stored in the liver, increasing blood sugar.

How do water soluble hormones operate?

They bind to receptors in the plasma membrane and use a second messenger, cAMP, to activate enzymes.

What does oxytocin (OT) promote during labor?

Stimulates uterine contractions.

Function of testosterone

Stimulates development of the male reproductive system and secondary sexual characteristics.

Primary action of estrogens

Maturation of the female reproductive system and development of secondary sexual characteristics.

Action of the hormone secretin

Increases pancreatic juice and bile.

What effect do peptide hormones like OT and ADH have?

They are involved in various physiological processes related to water balance and reproduction.