The Encomienda System

These flashcards cover the key concepts related to the Encomienda System, including its definition, purpose, effects on indigenous people, responses from those populations, and the eventual abolition of the system.

What was the Encomienda System?

A labor system employed by the Spanish Crown during the colonization of the Americas, introduced in 1503 by Don Nicolas de Ovando.

Why was the Encomienda System introduced?

The Spaniards needed a source of labor to exploit the resources in the New World, as they were unwilling to do hard labor themselves.

What obligations did the recipients of an encomienda have towards the indigenous people?

They were responsible for protecting the natives, instructing them in Spanish and Catholicism, and could take tribute in labor or goods.

What negative impacts did the Encomienda System have on the indigenous people?

The indigenous people suffered from abuse, long working hours, displacement from their culture, and high mortality rates due to starvation and disease.

How did the indigenous people respond to the Encomienda System?

Some committed suicide, attempted to run away, or rebelled; others resorted to infanticide or pined away and died.

Who recognized the abuses of the Encomienda System and advocated for change?

High profile colonizers and Catholic priests Antonio Montesino and Bartolome de las Casas.

When was the Encomienda System outlawed?

The Encomienda System was outlawed in 1720.

What crop destruction was caused by the introduction of European animals?

The cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats introduced by the Spaniards roamed freely and destroyed the natives’ crops.

What diseases were brought by Europeans that affected the indigenous population?

Diseases such as measles and smallpox, to which the indigenous people had no immunity, causing many deaths.

What was one reason the Spanish believed they could enforce the Encomienda System?

They felt that the conquered people were expected to provide their conquerors with a labor force.