8-10 lab quiz

Cardi/o

heart

My/o

muscle

Coron/o

crown

Atri/o

atria

Ventricul/o

ventricle

Valv/o

valve

Pan-

all

Arteri/o

artery

Aort/o

aorta

Ven/o, Phleb/o

vein

Angi/o, Vas/o

vessel

Tensi/o

pressure or tension

Mediastinum

the heart lies between the lungs in a cavity

Pericardium

a double-walled membrane that surrounds the heart

Epicardium

external layer of the heart

Ishemia

deficiency in blood supply

Infarct

localized area of necrosis caused by an interrupted blood supply

Cardiac output

the volume of blood pumped by the heart per unit time

Stroke volume

the volume of blood pumped out by ventricle during each single heartbeat

Inotropy

force of contraction

Arrhythmia

abnormal rhythm

ECG

electrocardiogram

Systole

contraction

Diastole

expansion

Preload

the volume of blood entering the right side of the heart

Afterload

the impedance to ventricular emptying presented by aortic pressure

Auscultation

the act of listening to body sounds and usually involves the use of a stethoscope

Sethoscope

instrument used to listen

Heart murmur

an abnormal sound associated with the turbulent flow of blood

Insufficiency

a leak results in the inability to perform at the proper level

Stenosis

the abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel or heart valve

Thrill

a vibration felt by the examiner’s hand placed on the chest wall

Vasoconstrictor

things that narrow a vessel’s diameter

Vasodilator

things that widen a vessel’s diameter

Intravenous

within a vein

Perivascular

something around or pertaining to the vessels

Intra-arterial

within an artery

Systolic

when the ventricles contract and is highest toward the end of the stroke output of the left ventricle

Diastolic

when the ventricles relax and is lowest late in ventricular dilation

Hypertension

high blood pressure

Hypotension

low blood pressure

Angiogram

film produced from this radiographic procedure

Echocardiogram

a type of ultrasound imaging that focuses on the heart

Holter monitor

24-hour ECG that records the heart rates and rhythms onto a specialized tape recorder

Tourniquet

constricting band applied to a limb to control bleeding or to assist in drawing blood

Cardiac tamponade

compression of the heart due to fluid or blood collection in the pericardial sac

Cardiomegaly

heart enlargement

Cardiomyopathy

disease of heart muscle

CHF

congestive heart failure

Edema

accumulation of fluid in the intercellular spaces, may be seen with CHF

Ascites

fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity seen in dogs secondary to CHF and other diseases

Pleural effusion

abnormal fluid accumulation between the layers of the membrane encasing the lungs and is seen in cats secondary to CHF

Prophylaxis

prevention

Embolus

foreign object that is circulating in blood

Hematoma

collection of blood

Hypercapnia

above-normal levels of carbon dioxide

Cyanosis

bluish tinge

Hypoxia

below-normal levels of oxygen

PDA

patent ductus arteriosus

Shock

inadequate tissue perfusion

CPR

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Anticoagulant

substances that prevent blood clotting

Shunt

bypass or diversion

Defibrillation

use of electrical shock to restore the normal heart rhythm

Hemostasis

control or stoppage of bleeding

Stent

small expander implanted in a blood vessel to prevent it from collapsing

Transfusion

introduction of whole blood or blood components into the bloodstream of the recipient

Congenital

present at birth

Hereditary

genetically transmitted from parent to off spring

Idiopathic

unknown cause

Iatrogenic

a disease produced by treatment

Nas/o, Rhin/o

nose

Sept/o

partition

Olfact/o

smell

Sinus/o

sinus

Tonsill/o

tonsil

Pharyng/o

throat

Palt/o

palate

Laryng/o

voice box

Trache/o

windpipe

Bronch/o

bronchi

Alveol/o

small sac

Cost/o

ribs

Thorac/o

chest or chest cavity

Pneum/o

lung or air

Pulm/o

lung

Pleur/o

membrane surrounding the lung

Respiration

diffusion of gases between the atmosphere and the cells of the body

Ventilation

intake of fresh air

Nares

paired external openings of the respiratory tract

Nasal turbinate

scroll-like cartilages covered with highly vascular mucous membranes

Nasogastric tube

a tube that passes through the nose down to the stomach

Cilia

thin hairs located inside the nostrils

Nasopharynx

portion of the throat posterior to the nasal cavity and above the soft palate

Oropharynx

portion of the throat between the soft palate and epiglottis

Laryngopharynx

portion of the throat below the epiglottis that opens into the voice box and esophagus

Epiglottis

a lid and covers the larynx during swallowing

Diaphragmatic hernia

abnormal displacement of organs through the muscle separating the chest and abdomen

Apnea

absence of breathing

Dyspnea

difficult or labored breathing