cp2 swine+ horse exam

mare def

intact adult female horse

stallion def

intact male horse

gelding def

neutered male horse

broodmare def

breeding female horse

hand is a unit of measurement equivalent to

4 inches

pony def

a horse under 14.1 hands tall

horse temp normals

99.5- 101.5 F

horse pulse normals

28-42 bpm

horse respiration normals

6-12 brpm

reproduction horses

seasonally polyestrous; cycle every 21 days, heat lasts a week

pregnancy detection horses

ultrasound around 14-16 days; recommended to see twins, usually twins die

foaling heat def

9 days after foaling, mare can be bred but risk of infection

gestation period for horses

11 months

foaling stages

1. sweating, restless, frequent urination; could show no signs

2. delivery of foal, fetus born 30 mins after water breaks

3. expulsion of placenta; 2-3 hours after foaling

sow def

mature female pig

gilt def

immature female pig

boar def

intact male pig

barrow def

castrated male pig

boar taint def

uncastrated male pigs have tainted meat

pigs reach puberty when

6 months of age

reproduction for pigs

polyestrous; every 18-24 days, heat lasts for 2-3 days

gestation period for pigs

115 days

pig temp normals

101-103 F

pig pulse normals

10-24 bpm

pig resp normals

13-18 brpm

feeder pigs are sold when

they reach 40 lbs

colic def

not a disease but a symptom; abdominal pain

3 main causes of colic

indigestion, impaction, inflammation

prevention of colic

maintain regular diet, no moldy hay, proper hydration

treatment of colic if no torsion occurs

walk horse, graze on grass, pass stomach tube, mineral oil, enema, banamine

treatment of colic with torsion

surgery, or euthanasia if surgery too expensive

laminitis def

inflammation of laminae tissue

laminitis can cause what if not treated

foundering, which is when the pedal bone rotates

pedal bone rotation is always..

permanent

clinical signs of laminitis

depression, off feed, lameness, reluctance to move, altered stance, heat around hoof, increased pulse

laminitis treatment

treat symptoms, antiinflammatories, treat colic, vasodilators, hot + cold packs

laminitis can be caused by…

GI issues

navicular disease def

degeneration of navicular bone

navicular bone diagnosis

MRI, ultrasound, radiograph

navicular disease is caused by…

circulatory issues

navicular disease treatment

pain management, supplement omega fatty acids, splints, joint support

navicular syndrome differs from navicular disease because

navicular syndrome involves both the bone and the surrounding tissue

choke def

obstruction of esophagus

choke is usually caused by

incorrect feed

choke clinical signs

drooling, mucus discharge form nose, gagging/coughing, distress

choke treatment

sedation, gastric tube, modified diet

strangles def

inflammation of upper airways and abscesses of adjoining lymph nodes

strangles is caused by

streptococcus equis

strangles clinical signs

FAD, occular and nasal discharge, abscesses, dyspnea

strangles transmission

airways and abscesses

strangles treatment

antibiotics, banamine, gastric tube feeding, trachiotomy maybe, IV fluids; vaccine mid

bastard strangles def

internal abscesses, mortality rate extremely high

equine influenza clinical signs

high fever, highly contagious, mucus discharge, off feed

equine influenza prevention

vaccine; only one month protection

equine encephalomyelitis def

inflammation of brain lining

3 strains of equine encephalomyelitis

eastern (EEE), western (WEE), venezuelan (VEE)

source of equine encephalomyelitis

virus; transmitted via mosquitoes, host in birds

equine encephalomyelitis clinical signs

fever, impaired vision, irregular gait, circling, head pressing, seizures, death

equine encephalomyelitis treatment

supportive care, anti inflammatories, anti convulsants

equine encephalomyelitis prevention

control mosquito population; vaccine 6-8 months effective

equine infectious anemia (EIA) nickname

swamp fever

EIA is transmitted via

blood sucking insects, sharing unclean instruments

EIA can be transferred

in utero; momma to baby

EIA clinical signs

intermittent fever, depression, weakness, weight loss, anemia

acute EIA looks like

progresses until death

chronic EIA

carrier; intermittent clinical signs

EIA prevention

COGGINS test; euthanize or quarantine positive animal for life

equine herpes virus EHV 1-4 clinical signs

respiratory ds, abortion, neonatal illness, neurologic ds

equine heroes virus prevention

vaccine

potomac horse fever is caused by

neorickehsia ristici

potomac horse fever is common where

anywhere moist that draws in flies

potomac horse fever clinical signs

FAD, diarrhea, colic, laminitis

potomac horse fever treatment

antibiotics, supportive care, NSAIDs

potomac horse fever prevention

vaccine; 6 months to a year

west nile disease host

wild bird host

west nile transmission

mosquitoes transmit to horse and humans

west nile affects how many horses

~97%

west nile clinical signs

flu-like symptoms, encephalitic symptoms; head drooping, head pressing, circling, etc

west nile prevention

vaccine, insect repellent

porcine tremor syndrome also called

shaker pigs

porcine tremor syndrome def

developmental disorder where myeline sheath on nerves don’t develop

porcine tremor syndrome clinical signs

trembling, worse when standing

porcine tremor syndrome usually resolves around

3 weeks of age

porcine tremor syndrome is important to identify because

the mother will crush or not feed these children

splay legs is also called

swimmer pigs

splay legs def

muscle fibers in hind limbs don’t fully develop

splay legs affects

mobility, crucial to help these piglets move

splay legs typically resolve in

1 week; apply splints

splay legs is also

hereditary

all in + all out def

entire building dedicated to pigs in different life styles

erysipelas is also called

diamond skin disease

erysipelas is caused by

erysipelotrix rhusiopathiae

erysipelas is transmitted via

oral/nasal fluid, feces, carrier pigs

erysipelas diagnosis

no test for disease; carrier pigs are impossible to find

erysipelas clinical signs

acute sepsis resulting in death, chronic arthritis, heart issues, discolored skin in diamond pattern

erysipelas prevention

mid vaccine

erysipelas is…

zoonotic

atrophic rhinitis def

atrophy of turbinates

atrophic rhinitis caused by two bacteria

pasteurella multicide, bordetella bronchiseptica

atrophic rhinitis clinical signs

excessive sneezing + tearing, snout deviated left or right