Chapter 22: Heredity
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16 Terms
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Genetic engineering
________, however, can insert a gene from any organism into a plant or an animal.
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unique daughter cells
Is used to make four genetically ________.
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Genes
________ show additive features e.g the shades of skin colour.
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mutationsGenetic Engineering
Varieties are produced by ________.
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particular gene
An organism containing two different alleles of a(n) ________.
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Plants
________ and animals used for breeding must be closely related or belong to the same species.
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selective breeding
Varieties are produced by ________.
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Define heredity.
It the "study of of what causes resemblance and differences b/w organism".
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What is meant by homozygous?
It means an organism containing "two identical alleles" of a particular gene.
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Define chromosome.
It is a "thread like structure" found "in nucleus" on which the "genetic material is organized". It "carries genetic information" in the form of genes.
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Define mitosis.
It is a "form of cell division" in which "nuclear division" of a parent cell occurs, producing "two genetically identical daughter cells". It involves the "splitting of chromosomes into their two halves" each of which is called "chromatid".
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Define meiosis.
It is a form of "cell division" used to produce "four genetically unique daughter cells". It is used in "production of gametes".
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How is gender determined?
There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus of all diploid human cells. One of these pairs determine gender. These chromosomes are therefore called the sex chromosomes. For females these chromosomes are XX and for males the chromosomes are XY. All female egg cells contain only an X chromosome, whereas male sperm cells may contain an X or a Y, thus the gender of the baby depends on which sperm cell fertilizes the egg cell.
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Define mutation.
It is the "sudden change in gene structure or a chromosome", or even the "chromosome number", it can also be "inherited".
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Differentiate between continuous and discontinuous variation.
Differences b/w continuous and discontinuous variation as follows:
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Differentiate between natural selection and artificial selection.
Differences b/w natural and artificial selection as follows:
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