Upper Extremity Skeletal Review

Flashcards covering upper extremity skeletal anatomy, bone markings, carpal bones, and joint articulations for the humerus, scapula, clavicle, radius, and ulna.

Distal and Proximal Humerus (Labeled Features)

3: trochlea; 6: medial epicondyle; 7: lateral epicondyle; 9: greater tubercle; 10: lesser tubercle.

Humerus Anterior and Posterior Landmarks (Numbered)

1: capitulum; 2: radial fossa; 3: trochlea; 4: coronoid fossa; 5: olecranon fossa; 6: medial epicondyle; 7: lateral epicondyle; 8: radial head (labeled on proximal humerus); 9: greater tubercle; 10: lesser tubercle; 11: bicipital groove.

Capitulum

A lateral, rounded articular prominence on the distal humerus that articulates with the head of the radius.

Trochlea

A pulley-shaped medial articular surface on the distal humerus that articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna.

Radial Fossa

A shallow depression on the anterior distal humerus situated directly superior to the capitulum.

Coronoid Fossa

A depression on the anterior distal humerus superior to the trochlea that receives the coronoid process of the ulna.

Olecranon Fossa

A deep depression on the posterior distal humerus that accommodates the olecranon process of the ulna during elbow extension.

Medial Epicondyle (Humerus)

A prominent medial projection located on the distal humerus, superior to the trochlea.

Lateral Epicondyle (Humerus)

A bony projection on the lateral side of the distal humerus, superior to the capitulum.

Greater Tubercle

A prominent, lateral bony projection situated at the proximal end of the humerus.

Lesser Tubercle

A smaller, anteriorly positioned projection on the proximal humerus.

Bicipital Groove

A furrow (intertubercular sulcus) situated between the greater tubercle and lesser tubercle of the proximal humerus.

Scapula Bony Landmarks (Numbered)

1: acromion process; 2: coracoid process; 3: glenoid fossa; 4: scapular notch; 5: spine of the scapula; 6: subscapular fossa; 7: inferior angle; 8: lateral border; 9: medial border; 11: infraspinous fossa; 12: superior angle.

Acromion Process

The lateral projection extending from the spine of the scapula that articulates with the acromial end of the clavicle.

Coracoid Process

A hook-like anterior projection located on the superior aspect of the scapula.

Glenoid Fossa

A shallow articular cavity on the lateral angle of the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus.

Scapular Notch

A notch on the superior border of the scapula, situated medial to the base of the coracoid process.

Spine of the Scapula

A prominent transverse ridge crossing the posterior surface of the scapula.

Subscapular Fossa

The broad, concave depression occupying the anterior (costal) surface of the scapula.

Infraspinous Fossa

The large posterior concave surface of the scapula located inferior to the spine of the scapula.

Inferior Angle (Scapula)

The lowest point of the scapula where the medial border and lateral border converge.

Superior Angle (Scapula)

The junction formed by the superior border and medial border of the scapula.

Medial Border (Scapula)

The thin, elongated vertebral border of the scapula running parallel to the vertebral column.

Lateral Border (Scapula)

The thick axillary edge of the scapula extending from the inferior angle up to the glenoid fossa.

Sternal End (Clavicle)

The rounded medial extremity of the clavicle that articulates with the sternum to form the sternoclavicular (SC) joint.

Acromial End (Clavicle)

The flattened lateral extremity of the clavicle that articulates with the acromion process to form the acromioclavicular (AC) joint.

Conoid Tubercle

A small bony prominence on the inferior surface of the lateral clavicle serving as a ligament attachment site.

Impression for Costoclavicular Ligament

A roughened patch on the inferior surface of the medial end of the clavicle.

Ulna Bony Landmarks (Numbered)

1: olecranon process; 2: trochlear notch; 3: radial notch; 4: coronoid process; 5: ulnar tuberosity; 6: ulnar head; 7: styloid process of the ulna.

Olecranon Process

The prominent proximal projection on the posterior ulna forming the point of the elbow and fitting into the olecranon fossa during extension.

Trochlear Notch

A large, C-shaped articular depression on the proximal ulna that articulates with the trochlea of the humerus.

Coronoid Process (Ulna)

A triangular anterior projection forming the lower lip of the trochlear notch on the proximal ulna.

Radial Notch

A smooth depression on the lateral aspect of the coronoid process of the ulna that articulates with the head of the radius.

Ulnar Tuberosity

A roughened prominence on the anterior proximal ulna located immediately inferior to the coronoid process.

Ulnar Head

The rounded distal extremity of the ulna that articulates with the ulnar notch of the radius.

Styloid Process of the Ulna

A pointed bony projection extending distally from the posteromedial aspect of the ulnar head.

Radius Bony Landmarks (Numbered)

1: radial head; 2: radial tuberosity; 3: styloid process of the radius; 4: ulnar notch.

Radial Head

The disc-shaped proximal end of the radius that articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna.

Radial Tuberosity

A prominent oval elevation on the medial side of the radius distal to the radial neck.

Styloid Process of the Radius

A pointed, conical projection extending distally from the lateral margin of the distal radius.

Ulnar Notch

A smooth, concave articular surface on the medial aspect of the distal radius that articulates with the head of the ulna.

Distal Radius Articular Facets (Numbered)

5: articular surface for the lunate; 6: articular surface for the scaphoid.

Articular Surface for the Lunate

The medial facet on the inferior articular surface of the distal radius that articulates with the lunate carpal bone.

Articular Surface for the Scaphoid

The lateral, triangular facet on the inferior articular surface of the distal radius that articulates with the scaphoid carpal bone.

Carpals (Carpus)

The eight short bones of the wrist consisting of the trapezium, scaphoid, lunate, pisiform, triquetrum, hamate, capitate, and trapezoid.

Scaphoid

A boat-shaped proximal row carpal bone that articulates directly with the lateral facet of the distal radius.

Lunate

A crescent-shaped proximal row carpal bone that articulates directly with the medial facet of the distal radius.

Triquetrum

A three-cornered carpal bone in the proximal row that articulates with the pisiform.

Pisiform

A small, pea-shaped sesamoid carpal bone situated on the anterior surface of the triquetrum.

Trapezium

The most lateral carpal bone of the distal row that articulates with the first metacarpal.

Trapezoid

A small, wedge-shaped carpal bone situated in the distal row between the trapezium and capitate.

Capitate

The largest, centrally positioned carpal bone located in the distal carpal row.

Hamate

A wedge-shaped carpal bone on the medial side of the distal row featuring a hooked projection.

Sternoclavicular (SC) Joint

The articulation formed between the sternal end of the clavicle and the sternum.

Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint

The joint formed by the articulation between the acromial end of the clavicle and the acromion process of the scapula.

Glenohumeral Articulation

The shoulder joint articulation between the glenoid fossa of the scapula and the head of the humerus.

Capitulum Articulation

The capitulum of the humerus articulates specifically with the radial head.

Ulnohumeral Joint

The portion of the elbow formed by the articulation between the trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna.

Olecranon Fossa Articulation Mechanism

During elbow extension, the olecranon process of the ulna enters and sits within the olecranon fossa of the humerus.

Proximal Radioulnar Joint

The pivot joint formed by the articulation between the radial head and the radial notch of the ulna.

Distal Radioulnar Joint

The pivot articulation formed between the head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius.

Radiocarpal Joint Articulating Carpals

The two carpal bones that articulate directly with the distal radius: the scaphoid and the lunate.