ATI Teas: Integumentary System

Integumentary System

largest organ of the body that forms a physical barrier between our external and internal environment

Primary Function: Integumentary System

homeostasis, physical barrier, protection from pathogens, vitamin d production, sensory functions

Layers of the Skin

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

Stratum Corneum

outermost layer (made of keratin and lipids)

Stratum Lucidum

thin, clear layer of dead skin cells (found in thick skin of the palms of the hands and soles of the feet)

Stratum Granulosum

thin layer of cells that contains granules of lipids to form a waterproof layer

Stratum Spinosum

keratinocytes held together by desmosomes to make skin flexible and strong

Langerhans Cells

tissue macrophage of the skin

Stratum Basale

single columnar or cuboidal row of cells that divide to replace the epidermis as it wears away

Melanocytes

cell in skin and eyes that produce and contains the pigment called melanin

What are the proteins in the dermis?

elastin and collagen

What are elastin and collagen made of?

fibroblasts

What’s found in the dermis?

blood vessels, sweat glands, nerves, hair follicle

Dermis Layers

papillary and reticular layer

Scars are created if the wound happens in which layer?

dermis

Scars

fibrous connective tissue develops and leaves a mark on the skin

Keloid

irregular fibrous tissue formed at the site of a scar due to increased collagen production

Importance of Hypodermis

connects the skin to bone and muscle tissue

What’s found in the hypodermis?

adipose tissue

Sweat Glands

Thermoregulation

Sebaceous Glands

waterproof and lubricate the skin and hair

Hair Follicle

hair bulb undergoes mitosis to drive hair root growth

Nails

nail root undergoes mitosis to drive nail growth

Skin Cancer

most common cancer in the US

Basal Cell Carcinoma

abnormal, uncontrolled growth of basal cells

Melanoma

a tumor of melanin forming cells

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

cancer growth that make up the middle and outer layers of the skin

First Degree Burns

minor inflammation and redness - outer layer of the skin (epidermis)

Second Degree Burns

swelling, blistering, and significant pain - extends through the epidermis into the upper layers of the dermis

Third Degree Burns

white/charred skin and numbness due to nerve damage - penetrates the full depth of the epidermis and dermis

Fourth Degree Burns

loss of function - reaches beyond all layers of skin into tissues, bones, and muscles