1️⃣LOA, Bridging the Gap, IR History -- Intro

analytical levels

According to Singer, international outcomes can be explained at different [TERM TERM].

systemic, structure, structurally constrained, anarchic, generalizable, overlooks internal variation

The [TERM] level of foreign policy analysis is broad and general. It focuses on the [TERM] of international politics, emphasizing how nations’ acts are [TERMLY TERMED] in an [TERM] environment. Its strength is that it is [TERM] and its weakness is that it [TERM TERM TERM].

domestic, within, institutions, regime type, internal variation, complicated,

The [TERM] level of foreign policy analysis is detailed and specific,. It focuses on events, processes, and groups [TERM] each nation, such as [TERM] and [TERM TERM]. It states that nations with similar positions in the international system behave differently because of [TERM] factors. Its strength is that it explains [TERM] within and between nations, but its weakness is that it’s too [TERM]

individual, leaders, psychology, nuance, generalize

The [TERM] level of foreign policy analysis is highly personal and leader-focused. It emphasizes [TERM]s and [TERM]. It is strong because it captures [TERM] but weak because it is hard to [TERM].

systemic, domestic, individual

what are the three levels of analysis in international politics?

constructed, neutral, mythologize, marginalize

In “Historiography of IR,” Schmidt argues disciplinary history is [TERM], not [TERM], that it is a set of narratives that [TERM] some founders & ideas and [TERM] others.

how, why, who, evidence

Historiography deals with three questions: [TERM] and [TERM] histories are written, by [TERM], using which categories and [TERM].

Presentism

This distortion of history interprets the past through current perspectives and may make today’s mainstream seem natural/inevitable.

Campbell, Tama

“Bridging the Gap,” which explores how IR scholars can connect academia to policy, was written by [AUTHOR] and [AUTHOR].

Singer

“The Level of Analysis Problem in International Politics,” which explains three analytical lenses of international politics and, more broadly, what makes an analytical lens effective, was written by [AUTHOR].

Schmidt

“On the History and Historiography of IR,” a work deconstructing the subjective narratives and cognitive biases underpinning the discipline of international relations, was written by [AUTHOR].

Realism, idealism, nuanced, idealists, behavioralism, traditionalism, methodology, nature, discipline, two

Schmidt dismantled the prevailing narrative that there were three “Great Debates” in IR. The first great debate was allegedly between [TERM] and [TERM], but it was actually more [TERM] because many [TERMS] didn’t actually believe in utopian peace and were just more interested in studying the postwar order. The second great debate was allegedly between [TERM] and [TERM], but it was more a controversy about [TERM] rather than about the [TERM] of the [TERM]. Finally, he entertained the idea that the “third great debate” could be split into [TERM] debates instead.

centers, IR scholarship, positivism, quantitative methods, policy, institutional, geopolitical

Postwar American universities became [TERMS] of [TERM TERM], contributing to the rise of [TERM], [TERM] methods, and [TERM]-oriented research, reflecting American [TERM] and [TERM] priorities.

differ, specialization, sophistication, accessibility

In “Bridging the Gap,” Campbell and Tama explain how academia’s incentive structures [TERM] from policymakers’, with academia rewarding [TERM] and [TERM] rather than [TERM].

slow, complexity, rapid, accessible

Why is there a “gap” between research & policy? Academia is characterized by specialization, [TERM] publication timelines, [TERM], and jargon. Policy is characterized by [TERM] decision-making, pragmatism, and [TERM] communication.