MLS ascp high yield micro

What is a GPC that is Catalase +, Coag +, salt tolerant, beta hemolytic

Staph aureus and intermedius, in GPC clusters

What does Staph aureus and intermedius cause?

Scaled skin syndrome from enterotoxins, hyaluronidase, TSS from tampons. However, 50% of us carry this organism on our skin and nares

What is MRSA and what do you treat it with

When beta lactamase inactivates penicillin/ampicllin. Treat these strains with vancomycin

What is a GPC that is catalase +, coag =, oxidase +, bacitracin sensitive

Micrococcus- yellow colonies

What is a GPC thats catalase +, coag =, oxidase =, bacitracin =

Coag neg staph- s. Epidermidis/ s. Saprophyticus

How do you tell Staph epidermidis and staph saprophyticus apart (coag neg staphs)

S. Epi is novobivin sensitive (ZOI >16mm) while S. Saprophyticus is novobiocin resistant

What does Staph saprophyticus cause

Urinary tract infections (UTI) in sexually active females

What does staph epidermidis cause

Hospital acquired opportunistic pathogen gets into surgical wounds; in via catheters to cause UTI’s, possesses glycocalyx (capsule/slime layer/biofilm)

What GPC is catalse =, alpha hemolytic, bile solubility + and optochin disc sensitive >14 mm

Strep pneumonia, lancet shaped/in pairs, glistening wet domed colonies

What protects strep pneumoniae from phagocytosis?

Polysaccharide capsule

What does strep pneumoniae cause

Causes pneumonia and meningitis in adults and otitis media in children

What GPC is catalase =, alpha hemolytic, optochin disc resistant, and bile esculin negative

Strep viridins

What does strep viridans cause

Normal flora of upper respiratory tract but cases dental infections and if it gets into bloodstream, it can cause subacute bacterial endocarditis

What GPC is catalse =, alpha/beta hemolytic, optochin disc resistant, bile esculin +, PYR (6.5% NaCl) +

Enterococcus

What GPC is catalase =, alpha/beta hemolytic, optochin disc resistant, bile esculin +, PYR -

Streptococcus Group D

What GPC is catalase negative, beta hemolytic, PYR +, bacitracin sensitive

Strep pyogenes (group A)

What does strep pyogenes (gp A) cause

Strep throat, scarlet fever

What GPC is catalase =, beta hemolytic, PYR =, bacitracin resistant, hippurite +, CAMP+

Strep agalactiae (gp B)

What can strep agalctiae (gp B) cause

Normal flora of genitourinary tract0 can transmit to baby causing neonatal sepsis, meningitis, or pneumonia.

Why is strep B antiphagocytic

Because of its sialic acid capsule

What GPB is spore forming, beta hemolytic and motile

Bacillus sp. “box cars”, causes food poisoning

What GPB is a spore former, non hemolytic and not motile

Bacillus anthrasis- anthrax “box cars” “medusa head colonies”. Livestock hides → skin contact can produce “black escher” ulcers

What GPC is not spore forming, but is brancing

Nocardia- beaded, branching chains, partially acid fast, immunocompromised suffer invasive pulmonary and disseminated infections

What GPC is not spore forming, not branching, catalase +, motile, and bile esculin +

Listeria- umbrella growth in motility agar at room temp but not 35C, often found in dairy products

Why do neonates and immunocompromised fall ill to Listeria

They suffer from septicemia and meningitis because this is an intracellular organism and cell mediated immunity is required to fight it

What GPB is not spore forming, not branching, catalase +, not motile, bile esculin =

Corynebacterium- cuneiform or chinese letters morphology, metachromatic granules with loefflor methylene blue, black colonies with brown halo on Tindale agar or black colonies on cysteine-tellurite

What characteristics do all Haemophilus species have

Gram negative coccobacillus, non motile, normal flora of upper respiratory tract

Which Haemophilus sp is X factor (hemin) +, V factor (NAD) +, non hemolytic

H. Influenza- some produce B-lactamase and thus are resistant to penicillin ampicillin

What does H. Influenza type b cause in children

Meningitis, most common cause. We use Hib vaccine to combat it

What does H. Influenza aegyptius cause

Pink eye

Which haemophilus is X factor (hemin) +, V factor (NAD) +, B-hemolytic on horse blood

H. Haemolyticus

Which haemophilus is X factor (NAD) =, V factor (NAD) +, non hemolytic

H. Parainfluenzae

Which Haemophilus is X facotr (hemin) =, V factor (NAD) =, non hemolytic

H. Aphrophilus- HACEK member and thus associated with endocarditis

Which Haemophilus is X factor (hemin) +, V factor (NAD) =, non hemolytic

H. Ducreyi

What does H. Ducreyi cause

STD chancroid which results in genital ulcers and swollen lymph nodes/buboes

What plate will all Haemophilus grow on

Chocolate agar bc it supplies both X and V factor, also horse or rabbit blood agar. They dont grow on sheep blood agar because it contains NADase, which inactivates NAD

What is “Satelliting”

When grown in media containing blood, Staph aureus produces NAD (V factor) as a metabolic byproduct. It also hemolyzes blood cells, releasing hemin (X factor) so Haemophilus is able to grow on SBA close to SA colonies

What qualities do all Enterobacteriaceae share

All gram neg bacilli, oxidase neg, catalase pos, able to reduce nitrate → nitrite, facultative anaerobes, ferment glucose

Which enterobacteriaceae is a lactose fermenter, MR +, citrate -, indole +, oxidase =

E. Coli

Which enterobacteriaceae is a lactose fermenter, MR +, citrate +

Citrobacter

Which enterobacteriaceae Is a lactose fermenter, MR =, motile

Enterobacter

Which enterobacteriaceae Is a lactose fermenter, MR =, motile, lysine +

E. Aerogines

Which enterobacteriaceae Is a lactose fermenter, MR =, motile, lysine =

E. Cloacae, e. Sakazakii

Which enterobacteriaceae is a lactose fermenter, MR =, non-motile

Klebsiella

Which enterobacteriaceae is a lactose fermenter, MR =, non-motile, indole +

Klebsiella oxytoca

Which enterobacteriaceae is a lactose fermenter, MR =, non-motile, indole =

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Which enterobacteriaceae is a non-fermenter, MR +, motile, PAD +, H2S +

Proteus

Which enterobacteriaceae is a non-fermenter, MR +, motile, PAD +, H2S +, indole +

Proteus vulgaris

Which enterobacteriaceae is a non-fermenter, MR +, motile, PAD +, H2S +, indole =

Proteus mirabilis

Which enterobacteriaceae is a non fermenter, MR+, motile, PAD +, H2S =, citrate +

Providencia

Which enterobacteriaceae is a non-fermenter, MR+ motile, PAD +, H2S =, citrate =

Morganella morgan

Which enterobacteriaceae Is a non fermenter, MR+, motile, PAD =, H2S +, indole +

Edwarsiella tarda

Which enterobacteriaceae Is a non fermenter, MR +, motile, PAD =, H2S +, indole =

Salmonella

Which enterobacteriaceae is a non fermenter, MR +, motile, PAD=, H2S =

Yersinia

Which enterobacteriaceae is a non fermenter, MR +, motile, PAD=, H2S = , ODC CIN +

Yersinia enterolitica

Which enterobacteriaceae is a non fermenter, MR +, motile, PAD=, H2S = , ODC CIN =, motility @25C +

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

Which enterobacteriaceae is a non fermenter, MR +, motile, PAD=, H2S = , ODC CIN =, motility @25C =

Yersinia pestis

Which enterobacteriaceae is a non fermenter, MR +, non-motile

Shigella

Which enterobacteriaceae is a non fermenter and MR =

Serratia

Which curved GNR has a “corkscrew motility”, oxidase +, catalase +, hippurate +, urease =, 42C +, Naldixic S, Cephalothin R

Campylobacter jejunie, most common cause of bacterial diarrhea

Which curved GNR is oxidase +, catalase +, hippurite =, urease =, 42C =107.6 °F, Naldixic R, Cephalothin S

Campylobacter fetus

Which curved GNR is oxidase +, catalase +, hippurate =, urease +, Naldixic R, cephalothin S

Helicobacter pylori, urease gets converted to ammonia which serves as a protective cloud around H. Pyloria, allowing it to survive in the acid pH of stomach

Which curved GNR causes “rice water stools” and extreme dehydration b/c of toxin, oxidase +, sucrose + → yellow colonies on TCBS, positive string test

Vibrio cholerae

Which curved GNR is from salt water, oxidase +, sucrose = → green colonies on TCBS, halophilic requires Na+

Vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahemolyticus

Which GNR is from freshwater and saltwater, oxidase +

Aeromonas

Which GNR is associated with freshwater seafood poisoning, oxidase +

Pleisomonas shigelloides

What are qualities that all GN diplococci share

Oxidase +, catalase +, all grow on chocolate agar, modified thayer-martin, martin lewis, NYC agar, coffee bean shaped

Which GN diplococci is glucose negative, DNAase +, hockey puck colonies, grows on blood and choc

Moraxella catarhalis

Which GN diplococci is glucose positive, maltose negative, superoxol positive

Neisseria gonorrhea, presumptive if within neutrophils of male discharge

Which GN diplococci is glucose +, maltose +, lactose negative

Neisseria meningitidis, common cause of meningitis, meningococcal septicemia

Whcih gram negative diplococci is glucose +, maltose +, lactose +

Neisseria lactamica- only lactose utilizer

Which GPR obligate anaerobe is a spore former, double zone of beta hemolysis on BAP, + reverse camp, causes gas gangrene in wounds and food poisoning

Clostridium perfringens- subterminal spores

Which GPR obligate anaerobe is a spore former, antibiotic induced, pseudomembranous colitis, Dx by demonstrated A/B toxins by EIA, grows on CCFA egg yolk agar

Clostridium dificile- subterminal spores

Which GPR obligate anaerobe spore ingestion occurs with infants who ingest contaminated honey or soil, toxin ingestion results in flaccid paalysis,

Clostridium botulinum- subterminal spores

Which GPR is an obligate anaerobe, spore former, wounds infected by soil containing these “tennis racket” organisms results in lockjaw, DPT vaccine prevents this

Clostridium tetani- terminal spores

Which GPR non spore former obligate anaerobe has sulfur granules and molar tooth colonies

Actinomyces israelii

Which GPR is an obligate anaerobe frequently recovered from blood cultures as a contaminant (b/c its part of skin flora), non spore former

Propionibacterium acnes

Which GPC obligate anaerobe is susceptible to SPS disc

Peptostreptococcus

What is the gram negative obligate anaerobe cocci

Veilonella

What GNR is an onligate anaerobe, growth in bile esculin +, Vancomycin R, Kanamycin R, Penicillin R

Bacteroides

What GNR with spindle shaped slender tapered ends is an obligate anaerobe, growth in bile esculin =, vancomycin R, kanamycin S, penicillin S

Fusobacterium

What GNR is an obligate anaerobe, growth in bile esculin =, vancomycin S, kanamycin R, penicillin S

Porphyromonas- black on blood agar and brick red fluorescence in UV light

What GNR is an obligate anaerobe, growth in bile esculin =, vancomycin R, kanamycin R, penicillin R

Prevotella- black on blood agar and brick red fluorescence in UV light

What are spirochetes

Helically curved bacilli, detected by dark field microscopy, diagnosed by serology and silver staining

How is Treponema pallidum transmitted

Person-person transmission

What are the stages of syphilis

1. Chancre at place of inoculation

2. Skin and mouth rash

3. CNS disorders

What does treponema pallidum cause

Syphilis

How is syphilis diagnosed

By serology, specific tests (FTA-AB, TP-PA) and confirmatory tests (RPR)

How is borrelia transmitted

Tick borne

What does borrelia recurrentis cause

Epidemic relapsing fever

What does borrelia burgdorferi cause

LYME disease

What are the stages of lyme disease

1. Bullseye rash (erythema migrans)

2. Flu symptoms

3. CNS/heart involvement, arthritis

How is Leptospira transmitted

Animal pee borne

What does Leptospirosis/Weil’s disease cause

Jaundice- culture on fletcher’s or stuart’s media, found early in the blood/CDF but after the second week its in the urine

Which oral flora (HACEK) is oxidase negative, causes endocarditis and periodontitis

Actinobacillus

Which oral flora (HACEK) is oxidase +, and causes endocarditis

Cardiobacterium hominis

Which oral floral (HACEK) is oxidase +, colonies are agar pitting and have a bleach odor, associated w/fight bite, clenched fist

Eikenella corrodens

Which oral flora (HACEK) is oxidase +, agar pitting, associated w/joint damage

Kingella

What color will you see on the slant of TSI if lactose/sucrose is fermented

Yellow

What color will you see on the butt of TSI if glucose is fermented

Deep yellow