A&P Clinical App Quiz 3

UNI with Dr. Dayna Miller

What is the preferred site for surgeons to enter the abdominal cavity and why?

linea alba, less blood vessels and sensory receptors

Umbilical hernia

when the tissue of the linea alba weakens and the abdominal organs protrude through the umbilical area

What can happen if an umbilical hernia if left untreated?

twisting of the intestines that may lead to obstruction or tissue death

inguinal hernia

when intestines protrude through the inguinal canal into the groin region or scrotum

Do inguinal hernias affect males or females more?

males

What marks the edges of the rectus abdominis muscles

linea semilunaris

What makes up the 3 horizontal lines of the abs?

tendinous intersections

What 3 things make up the appearance of a "6 pack"?

linea alba, linea semilunaris, and tendinous intersections

How do you find the gallbladder?

find where the linea semilunaris crosses your rib cage on the right, underneath that is the gallbladder

Where are intramuscular injections placed in adults?

the deltoid

Characteristics of intramuscular injections

short needles (2.5 cm to 1 in), injected at a 90 degree angle, 1 to 2 inches below the acromion process of the scapula

SITS stands for

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis

rotator cuff muscles

the muscles of SITS

rotator cuff

the tendons of the SITS muscles

median cubital vein

the visible/palpable vein in the antecubital fossa, where blood is often drawn from

brachial artery

deep to the median cubital vein, where a pulse is found

Where is the radial artery?

lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis, can also find the pulse here

Where is the carpal tunnel?

between the radial and ulnar bones and underneath the flexor retinaculum

carpal tunnel syndrome

pressure on the structures in the carpal tunnel

What causes carpal tunnel syndrome?

anything that decreases the size of the carpal tunnel space

repetitive and forceful use of the hands and fingers for long period of time

bone spurs

arthritis

injury to the hand

fluid retention

Symptoms of carpal tunnel

burning/aching sensation

tingling in the wrist/thumb/index/middle fingers

numbness and muscle weakness in the hand

What are the risks of carpal tunnel syndrome?

being a women

taking oral birth controls

pregnancy

menopause

repetitive actions

genetics

Treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)

splinting of the wrist

steroids

diuretics

increased vitamin B6

surgery

What is the surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome called?

carpal tunnel release

What causes tennis elbow?

repeated and forceful use of the forearm extensor muscles

What increases the chance of getting tennis elbow?

smoking

Symptoms of tennis elbow

radiating pain from the lateral elbow into the forearm and wrist

What is the treatment for tennis elbow?

anti-inflammatory meds

pain relievers

physical therapy

braces

surgery

What percent of cases of tennis elbow require surgery?

10%

Where are intramuscular injections placed for kids?

the vastus lateralis

How are injections into the vastus lateralis done?

1/3 of the way down and at a 90 degree angle

What is the major blood supply for the lower leg?

popliteal artery and vein

How do you palpate the popliteal pulse?

flex your knee about 45 degree angle

press 2 or 3 fingers hard

Where should gluteal injections be?

in the gluteus medius

plantar fascia

the fascia covering the muscles on the inferior or bottom of the foot

symptoms of plantar fasciitis

inflamed tears of the plantar fascia causing dull heel pain

Risk factors for plantar fasciitis

age (over 40)

being a woman

obesity

pregnancy

recreational or professional activities that stresses the heel

wearing unsupported shoes

Treatment for plantar fasciitis

pain-reliever meds

anti-inflammatory meds

heel exercise

shoe inserts

supportive wrapping or taping of the foot and ankle

night splints to hold the foot in a fixed position

surgery