Oral bio: Vascular system

Vascular system

Heart

Arteries

Veins

Lymphatic vessels

Circulatory system

• Facilitate the rapid distribution and exchange of substances between the blood and tissues of the body

• Delivers blood, oxygen, nutrients to tissues + take away waste matter

Components

Arteries

Veins

Microvasculature

Lympahtics

Circulatory system: Veins

• Carries blood away from the heart

Circulatory system: Veins

• Carries blood back to the heart

• Larger

• Numerous than arteries

• Have valves

There 2 types

• Superficial

• Deep

Veinous sinuses

• Blood filled spaces between 2 layers of tissue

Circulatory system: Microvasculature

• Arterioles, capillaries, venules

Function

• Exchange substance and tissue defense

Circulatory system: Microvasculature

• Arterioles, capillaries, venules

Function

• Exchange substance and tissue defense

Clinical consideration of vessels

• Avoid injecting local anesthetic into blood vessel

• Blood vessels can spread cancer

• Blood vessels can spread infections

The mouth is very vascular

• Ex: Tooth avulsion (knocked out teeth)

Vascular origins of the head and neck

Origin

• Blood vessels of head, face, neck —> Heart

  • Varies left / right side

Right side

• Common carotid artery

• Subclavian artery

  • Both: arise from brachiocephalic artery

Left side

• Common carotid artery

• Subclavian artery

• Both: arise from aorta

Common carotid artery

• Travels along side of neck

Divides into

• Internal carotid arteries

• External carotid arteries

Internal carotid arteries

Internal

• Carotid goes to the brain through magnum foramen

  • Below chin & angle of mandible

External carotid artery

• Carotid goes to top of the head

  • By TMJ and splits at endpoint near temporal fossa

4 branches of external carotid artery

• Anterior branch

  • Facial artery

  • Lingual artery

  • Superior thyroid artery

• Medial branch

  • Ascending pharyngeal artery

• Posterior branch

  • Occipital artery

  • Posterior auricular artery

• Terminal branch

  • Maxillary artery

  • Superficial temporal artery

Anterior branch of external carotid artery

Superior thyroid artery

• Sternocleidomastoid muscle

• Muscles of the larynx and thyroid gland

Lingual artery

(supplies tongue & floor of mouth)

• Sublingual artery

Facial artery

(Supplies oral, buccal, zygomatic, nasal, infraorbital, orbital region)

• Ascending palatine artery

• Submental artery

• Inferior labial artery

• Angular artery