Taxonomy and the Kingdom of Animalia

What is taxonomy?

The field of research interested in classifying all organisms

What information does a binomial name give?

The kind of organism it is and how it relates to other organisms

Who developed taxonomy and when?

Swedish botanist Carl Linnaues in 1735

Why was taxonomy developed?

To standardize the names of plants and animals using Latin

How did early scientists classify animals to better understand their characteristics?

By their outward traits and behavior

What is the purpose of evolutionary and phylogenetic trees?

To visualize the relationships between species

Phylogenetic trees describe evolutionary history of taxa based on…

Biological features, behavior, genetics, and/or geographic location

What is the root on a phylogenetic tree?

A hypothetical ancestor to all the branches of animals

Researches typically use phylogenetic trees at a _____ level

Finer

What is used to classify a fossil?

The estimated date and physical features

Each line on a phylogenetic tree is called a….

Branch

The point where two branches meet on a phylogenetic tree is called…

An internal node

What does an internal node represent?

The last common ancestor (normally a group) the animals branching off from each end have

What is it called when two species become so different that they can no longer breed?

Divergence event

Since there are no fossils of LUCA, how have we discovered it was the organism where all life formed from?

Analyzing the building blocks of DNA

The first multicellular organisms were likely…

Sponge or jellyfish

Scientists have found evidence of animals living in the ocean as far back as…

910 million years ago

Jellyfish lack a….

Nervous system

What was the first organism to breathe oxygen and walk on land?

Pneumodesmus newmani

When did P. newmani live?

420 million years ago

Why was moving onto land beneficial for animals?

They could avoid predators and diversify their diets

The first animals with bones and spines came about…

375 million years ago

What were the first animals with bones and spines like?

They resembled amphibians or reptiles and lived partially in water and partially on land

Who discovered P. newmani, where, and when?

Amateur paleontologist Mike Newman in Scotland, 2004

What was the first mammal?

A small rodent-like creature called the Brasilidon

When did the Brasilidon exist?

225 million years ago

Approximately __ of mammal species survived the dinosaur mass extinction

7%

Why is it theorized mammals survived the mass extinction?

They were smaller and had a more robust diet

Chordata is what rank in taxonomy?

Phylum

What is the family name of bass?

Percomorpha

What is the scientific name for the striped bass?

Monroe saxatilis

What is the scientific name for the spotted bass?

Micropterus punctulatus

What are the most common methods used today to determine relatedness?

DNA and physical features