Chemistry Chapter4

Chemical Reaction or Chemical Change

the conversion of one or more pure substances into one or more other pure substances

Reactants

the pure substances at the beginning or a chemical change

Products

the pure substances at the end of a chemical change

Coefficients

the numbers in front of chemical formulas in balanced chemical equations. They are what you manipulate in order to balance the chemical formula.

Solution

a mixture whose particles are so evenly distributed that the relative concentrations of the components are the same throughout

also called homogeneous mixtures

Aqueous solution

a solution in which water is the solvent

Solute

The minor component of a solution, usually the gas or the solid

Solvent

the majority composition in a solution, usually the liquid.

Double-displacement reaction

a chemical reaction that has the following form

AB + CD → AD + CB

Precipitation reaction

a type of double displacement reaction where one of the products is a solid called a precipitate

Precipitate

A solid that comes out of a solution

Precipitation

the process of forming a solid in a solution

Crystals

solid particles whose component atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in an organized and repeating pattern

Complete ionic equation

a chemical equation that describes the actual form for each substance in a solution, for example, dissolved ionic compounds are shown as separate ions

Spectator ions

ions that only deliver other ions to the reaction and do not actively participate in the reaction themselves

Complete equation or molecular equation

a chemical equation that includes uncharged formulas for all of the reactants and products, these always include the spectator ions if applicable

Net ionic equation

a chemical equation that the spectator ions have been taken out, leaving only the substances actively involved in the reaction

Solubility

the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent