bio exam #3

mosquitoes and ticks are called vectors as they have the ability to transmit diseases between individuals

true

climate change has already caused which of the following at the individual and/or species level

increased extinction rates

which of the following is not considered a greenhouse gas

oxygen

which of the following is false regarding carbon

its long-term reservoir is living creatures

the consequences of global climate change may be completely eliminated solely through the development of new technologies

false

which of the following is NOT an input needed for photosynthesis to occur:

oxygen

the average temperature and precipitation of an area is referred yo as its

climate

which of the following contribute to your individual carbon footprint?

transportation choices, food choices, energy choices

which of the following is considered an alternative energy source

solar

evidence suggests that the climate of the US is currently stable and will not change until after the year 2050

false

The majority of crop plants, such as rice, soybeans, and corn, belong to what classification?

angiosperms

Genetically modified plants may be produced for which of the following reasons?

To give organisms increased resistance to drought

To give organisms increased resistance to pests

To give organisms increased resistance to herbicides

What was the first organism that has the genetic material of another species inserted into its genome artificially in the lab

E. Coli

A GMO that includes DNA from a different species is considered:

Transgenic

Which of the following best describes the scientific definition of a GMO (genetically modified organism)?

Organisms in which the genetic material (DNA) has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally

Golden rice is an example of a plant that has been modified to do which of the following?

add nutritional content

Future genetically modified plants and animals are being designed to meet what needs of human society?

Adaptations to the consequences of climate change

Increasing food supply

Preventing disease

rDNA stands for

recombinant DNA

Which of the following is not an input for photosynthesis?

Oxygen

Brassica oleracea is the scientific name for which of the following?

Brussel sprouts, kale, and cauliflower

Which of the following statements accurately describe a difference between mitosis and meiosis

If the mother cell is diploid, mitosis will produce diploid daughter cells, whereas meiosis will produce haploid daughter cells

Crossing over often occurs during meiosis, but does not commonly occur during mitosis

Homologous chromosomes synapse during meiosis but do not synapse during mitosis

A gene that affects more than one trait is said to be

Pleiotropic

When do most cases of crossing over occur?

Prophase I of Meiosis

Sickle cell anemia is caused by a mutation that changes Glu to Val (one amino acid change) this is a ______ mutation

missense

The primary system responsible for the movement of erythrocytes is which of the following?

circulatory system

During meiosis the homologous chromosome pairs associate with each other to form which of the following?

Bivalents or Tetrads

When talking about some chromosomal abnormalities we discussed trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) and trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome). In these cases, the offspring has three copies of chromosomes 21 and 18 respectively. This is caused by which of the following?

Nondisjunction event

When Mendel was crossing pea plants the “P” generation was used to denote what?

The parent generation, usually this was the true breeding plants

Which of the following are symptoms that can occur with sickle-cell disease?

The malformed red blood cells can become sticky and clump together

The word roots erythro and cyte mean?

red/cell

T/F: Wildlife corridors allow terrestrial species to move more easily within their historical ranges, reducing the chances of inbreeding.

True

The decline of tropical forest is due primarily to which of the following?

Deforestation

Which of the following is NOT a prezygotic isolation mechanism?

Producing sterile hybrid offspring

Which of the following statements is FALSE

Sympatric speciation occurs due to geographic barriers

All of the mass extinction events share what in common?

Climate Change

T/F: Fungi are autotrophic

False

The success of which of the following is associated with the evolution of jointed legs?

Arthopods

According to the biological species concept, what determines if two organisms are different species?

They are reproductively isolated from each other

Of the choices listed which is the most general classification?

Kingdom

Which of the following is the main cause of coral bleaching?

Climate Change

Which of the following is one of the physical barriers you have that help block pathogens from entering your body?

Mucous membranes

Which of the following is true regarding quantitative traits?

They can be highly influenced by environmental conditions

They are usually polygenic

The phenotypes overlap and cannot be discretely sorted

All of the above

Based on the pedigree shown which statement is true?

The person in generation II, position 3 (noted as II-3) is female, and has two copies of the dominant allele for the trait in question

When discussing gene therapy, we stated it can be done ex vivo or in vivo. Basically, these two terms mean which of the following?

In vivo is inside the body, and ex vivo is outside the body

What is epistasis?

Epistasis is a gene interaction where the allele of one gene masks the expression of another gene

Which of the following have been successfully treated with gene therapy?

Patients with sickle-cell disease

Which of the following is NOT generally true regarding sexual reproduction?

There is no fusion of gametes

Which of the following describes innate immunity?

Innate immunity is non-specific; it will work for any pathogen

Genes located on one sex chromosome but not the other are said to be

Sex-linked

If we crossed two true-breeding plants with incomplete dominance, one has red flowers and the other has yellow flowers, what would be the phenotype of the F1 generation?

orange flowers

Which of the following statements is TRUE:

Viroids are solely made of RNA

HIV, a retrovirus, has a high rate of mutation because:

Reverse transcriptase lacks a proofreading function, so errors occur more often

The symptoms many people experience with the flu and COVID (for example: body aches, fever, tiredness) are caused by which of the following?

The reaction of the immune system and the cytokines circulating through your body

The genome of a virus can be

Double-stranded DNA

Single-stranded RNA

Double-stranded RNA

Which of the following is true?

Group of answer choices

Tobacco mosaic virus is problematic to tobacco growers as the virus can jump to humans

Both COVID and Influenza A have a viral envelope

The HIV virus lacks a viral envelope and uses its tail fibers to attach to the host cell it is going to infect

Viruses can infect any cell that encounter, regardless of cell type or host species

Both COVID and Influenza A have a viral envelope

When discussing viruses, latency or lysogeny means

The virus is inactive in the host cell’s chromosome

What are epithelial cells?

They are cells that form linings for all the internal and external body surfaces, for example our skin is made up of epithelial cells

Which of the following are effective ways to reduce the spread of airborne infections?

Wash your hands often

Cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze

Wear a mask (especially when you have an infection)

What are the stages of the viral reproductive cycle

Attachment, integration (for some viruses), synthesis of components, assembly, and release

Which of the following is TRUE about vaccines?

They are extensively studied and are safe and effective