Chapter 7: Urinary System

cali/o & calic/o

calyx (calix); cup-shaped

cyst/o & vesic/o

urinary bladder

glomerul/o

glomerulus

meat/o

meatus

nephr/o & ren/o

kidney

pyel/o

renal pelvis

trigon/o

trigone (region of the bladder)

ureter/o

ureter

urethr/o

urethra

albumin/o

albumin (a protein in the blood)

azot/o

nitrogen

bacteri/o

bacteria

dips/o

thirst

kal/o

potassium

ket/o & keton/o

ketone bodies (ketoacids and acetone)

lith/o

stone

natr/o

sodium

noct/o

night

olig/o

scanty

-poietin

substance that forms

py/o

pus

-tripsy

crushing

ur/o & urin/o

urine (urea)

-uria

urination; urine condition

hilum

depression in kidney where blood vessels and veins enter and exit

Meatus

Opening or canal (Urinary Meatus)

Potassium

Electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood. Essential for muscle contractions and conduction of nerve impulses

Renal pelvis

Central collecting region in kidney

Sodium

Electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys; needed for proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and other metabolic functions.

Urination or Voiding

Process of expelling urine

Glomerulonephritis

Inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney

Nephrolithiasis

Kidney Stones

Nephrotic Syndrome

Group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine

Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)

Multiple fluid filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidney

Pyelonephritis

Inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma

Renal Cell Carcinoma

Cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood

Renal failure

Decrease in excretion of wastes that results from impaired filtration function

Renal Hypertension

High blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

Wilms tumor

Malignant tumor of kidney in children

Bladder Cancer

Malignancy of the bladder

Diabetes Insipidus

DI

Diabetes Mellitus

DM

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

Measurement of urea levels in the blood

CT Urography

xrays obtained using a computed tomography show multiple cross sectional views of the kidney

Kidneys Ureters and Bladder (KUB)

Xray examination WITHOUT CONTRAST of the kidneys ureters and bladder.

Renal Angiography

Xray of blood vessels of the kidney, WITH CONTRAST

Retrograde Pyelogram (RP)

Xrays of renal pelvis and ureters, WITH CONTRAST, using a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder

Voiding Cystourethrogram

Xray image WITH CONTRAST of the urinary bladder and urethra while patient is voiding

Ultrasonography

Imagining of the urinary tract structures using high frequency sound waves

Cystoscopy

Diagnostic procedure, visualizing the urethra and bladder using an endoscope.

Dialysis

2 different ways, Hemodialysis and Peritoneal dialysis, separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood.

Lithotripsy

Crushing urinary tract stones

Renal Angioplasty

Dilation of narrowed areas in renal arteries

Renal Biopsy

Removal of kidney tissue for microscopic examination

Renal Transplantation

Surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient

Urinary Catheterization

Passage of flexible, tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder.

AKI

Acute Kidney Injury

BUN

Blood Urea Nitrogen

CAPD

Continous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

CRF

Chronic Renal Failure

C&S

Culture and sensitivity testing (to determine antibiotic effectiveness against bacteria grown from a patient’s urine specimen)

cysto

Cystoscopic examination

ESWL

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (Shockwaves directed toward the kidney to crush kidney stones)

HD

Hemodialysis

IVP

Intravenous pyelogram

KUB

Kidney, ureter, and bladder

PD

Peritoneal dialysis

PKD

Polycystic kidney disease

PUL

Percutaneous ultrasound lithotripsy

RP

Retrograde pyelography

UA

Urinalysis

UTI

Urinary Tract Infection

VCUG

Voiding cystourethrogram