sociology mid term

John experienced family violence as he was growing up. According to social learning theory, he is

more likely to engage in family violence.

Older people are more likely to be abused if they live___

with relatives

According to a definition of spouse abuse that includes both violent and nonviolent acts,

about one-third of all U.S. couples assault their spouses.

All of the following are factors that contribute most heavily to the prevalence of female genital mutilation EXCEPT

a need to counter the practice of male circumcision.

According to the exchange theory of family violence, which of the following would be the reward of violence?

enjoyment of power and control over the victim

The real extent of family violence may be much higher than the reported figures because

• people are generally reluctant to reveal their family problems to researchers.

• the number of people experiencing abuse runs into the millions, despite the small percentages.

• other types of violence, such as financial exploitation, slapping, and verbal abuse, widely occur.

how does the criminal justice system try to prevent furthur abuse?

requires some abusers to go to counseling.

The many women who are squeezed between raising children of their own and taking care of parents are called___

the sandwich generation

protections for elders

All states have some type of elder protection program

Elder abuse is reported to the social services department

Medical and legal services have proven the most useful

protections for children

Adults must resort child abuse to CPS

protections for women

• Marital rape laws are rarely enforced

• More likely to find places that help with abuse than rape

• Occupational counseling helps victims obtain jobs

Other protections

• Women can obtain restraining orders

• Anyone that assaults a married partner is likely to be arrested

• Can have the court make the abuser go to counseling programs

exchange theory

Based on benefit and cost If the benefit/ reward for committing the act of violence is greater than the cost than people are likely to do it

stress theory

Too much stress can cause people to commit violence

-Lack social support

social learning theory

People are likely to engage in family violence if they have been exposed to violence

patriarchal traditions

• women in low-income societies tend to believe that they deserve to be beaten

• Some places believe women need to be beat to preserve the family

• Paying a dowry enforces the ownership of women

• The is more husband abuse in developed countries because women are more likely to fight back

family violence

1 /3 of all women suffer from male interpersonal violence Sexism is the main explanation

-Occur more in developing countries

social profile of family abusers

hard for sandwich generation daughters people already have personal and financial problems and the stress breaks them older people may be more likely to abuse their spouses the cost may exceed the benefit

what are the main kinds of elderly abuse?

psychical

-physiological

-financial

who is most likely to abuse elders?

adult children

facts of elderly abuse

nursing homes are made of primarily white patients

• 30% of people will need care when they get older

• more than half of these residents are over 65

• men are more vulnerable

• no class difference

causes of female genital mutilation

• Cultural belief that it makes women more desirable

• High value of virginity and marriageability

• Social and psychological benefits

female genital mutilation

the partial or total removal of external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs, for non-medical reasons

• illegal in 40 states

causes of child abuse

• Intergenerational transmissions of violence

• using violence to deal with problems

• believing that physical punishment is an acceptable form of discipline

• poverty, family problems, unemployment, and lack of education

• problematic interaction between parent and child

  
  

those that believe that physical punishment is an acceptable form of discipline...

are 4x more likely to abuse their children

using violence to deal with problems

Learning how adults express anger through violence

Intergenerational transmissions of violence

Parents will abuse their children if they learned in childhood that that is ok

effects of psychical child abuse

more likely to abuse their own children

-more likely to abuse drugs and alcohol

physical child abuse

about 14% of children each year

-only 4% for most severe cases

-more frequent in lower class

how does incest ruin future relationships?

people are less likely to be satisfied in their future (non-incest) relationships

Incest

no difference in social class more common between siblings

what age are girls most likely to be sexually abused?

15 to 17 years old

sexual child abuse- boys

5% of boys have been victimized at least once less than 2% when only including adults

sexual child abuse- girls

26% of girls have been victimized at least once only 11% by adults

what are the 3 types of child abuse?

1- sexual 2- physical 3- psychological/ emotional

how many children are abused each year?

1 in every 7

over half of US men have beaten their wives

false, only about 33% in the whole span of their marriage

main cause of women abuse

patriarchal society

what can staying in an abusive relationship do?

can cause more harm force women to kill their husbands

most women leave abusive relationships

true but they risk being stalked or killed later

battered women's syndrome

a form of PTSD for women who have been abused by partners

what are the 3 ways men try to rationalize their abuse towards a spouse?

1- blaming their victim

2- minimizing the harm done

3- attribute it to some problem beyond their control

Spouse beatings

• 1/3 of us married couples assault their spouse every year

• 2/3 do so at least once in their marriage

what are the three causes of marital rape?

1- men believe they are entitled to sex with their partners

2- men want to punish their partners

3- men use it as a form of control

what is the least likely form of marital rape?

vaginal penetration less than 50%

what is the most likely forms of marital rape?

putting objects in private parts forced anal sex Infront of others sex very soon after birth

main parts of marital rape

violence or the treat of it

- illegal in all states

Marital rape

most prevalent form of forced sex

-current and former spouses

-similar to no marriage and same sex couples

likelihood of elder abuse

10% of older people

likelihood of child abuse/ neglect

14% of children every year

likelihood of marital beatings

25 to 33% since marriage

likelihood of marital rape

8 to 14% of wives since marriage

Alcohol and drugs in violence

• these abusers are more likely to get into family violence

• often use it as a cover up to abuse

abusive parents

-more likely to have been abused as a kid

more likely for men

marriage and violence

most couples that have one spouse abusing the other last for around the same time as the average marriage

-last for 6 years

most child abuse victims don't abuse their own children

true, around 70% don't

who is family violence more likely to hit?

those in blue collar jobs

family violence only hits people in poverty

false but is more likely for them to experience

gang rapists

come from low class families

-often in street gangs

-usually attack strangers

-attacks start outdoors

what is the average age for perpetrator of gang rape?

14 to 19 years old

How many rapes are gang rapes

less than half

race differnecea in rapes

-those who rape their own race are usually older than their victim

-in black on white rales the black offender is usualky younger

who is is most vulnerable to rape?

those 18 to 24

white peolle commit more than half the rapes on women

true

who is most likely to be raped?

-submissive women

-women in general

is rape interracial?

-it has become more but still more likely to be intraracial

how many people report rape?

less than 25%

why is rape hard to accoun for?

white people are more likely to be ler off the hook

-hispanic peolle may be comsidered white or people of color

when is the kost safe time of year?

spring

-but muggings, rapes ans sexual assults can happen anytime

when is it most dangerous for teens?

during the start of the school year

when is your house lore likely to be broken into?

during the summer

-this has declined

minds kf murderers

• dont think they did wrong

• never seen as an equal

• normal guy

• usually witness giolence in the family

• turn trauma to hatred

brutalizing effect

publisizing the death penilty may lead more leople to kill

death penalty

create higher homicide rates

-not helpful in detering people from killing

-publicizing the death penilty also does nkt help

does violence became a part of the life style for thos in lower incomes?

no, research shows this not to be true

psychological punishment leads to ___

suicide

pysical punishment leads to ___

murder

socialization in aggression by physical punishment

-created by gold

-says there are 2 ways of bringing uo a child

-physical vs psychological punishment

strength of External restraint

the degree to which people are able to conform to others demands and expectations

strong external reatraint

those that commit homicide

weak external restraint

those that commit suicide

internal strain theory

-created by henry and short

-why some frustrated people commit suicide and others homicide

where do terrorists come from

the most prosperous parts of countries -democracy may give people enough freedom

genocide

the killing of memebers or racial or ethnic hroups by a political leader

hate killers

more likely to join organized hate groups

what are the 3 kinds od hate killers?

1- thrill killers

2- defense killers

3- mission killers (rare but most deadly)

who do people stalk?

those they know -usually a former intimate partner for women -men get stalked by aquantances

who is more likely to stalk

• men towards women

• both men and women stalk men

stalking

-usually lasts 2 years

-mainly through technology

how to view school violence

through a gendered lense

most youth himicides are in schools

false, that is only 2-3%

the US has the most school schootings

true and by a large amount

what continent has the most homicides?

-the united statea

-mostly by firearms

who are seeial killers most likely to target

-the vulnerable such as kids, sex workers and elderly people

descriptions of the average serial killer

-mainly white men in their 20s

-more likely to kill strangers

-most have blue collar jobs

mass murder

the killing of 4 or more peolle in one event

“accidental” murder-suicide

• beought by David Philips

• the idea that peolle cover their suicide by killing themselves at the same time they kill others

how often do killers have a mental illness?

1 in 5 times

psychiatric view of murder-suicide

the person expects that they will meet their victim on the other side

sociological view of murder-suicide

the person feels remorse and this kills themselves

homicide followed by suicide

-relatively rare

-almost all males killing femalea