SLEEP

beta waves

high cognitive engagement

alpha waves

low cognitive engagement

theta waves

drifting off; daydreaming; flow

delta waves

asleep

• spindles (stage 2)

• K complex (stage 2)

rapid eye movement (REM)

• during stage 1 and there is lots of eye movement

• children go from Stage I straight to REM

Stages of sleep

1. Awake

2. Stage I

3. Stage II

4. Stage III

5. Stage IV

6. REM

Sleep in Marine animals

one hemisphere of their brain sleeps at a time

slow wave sleep

thalamus stops sending as much stimulating info to the root of the brain

Pons

• located deep in the brain

• tells visual areas, motor areas, emotional social areas to increase activity during REM

• “higher order areas” of brain disabled to alter perception of reality

REM muscle atonia

inability to use muscles during sleep, stops body from moving

*can cause sleep paralysis if there is lag after waking up

insects and fish sleep

insects and fish show behavioral sleep

• periods of quiescence

• raised response threshold

• periods of rebound when deprived of rest

circadian rhythm

Circadian rhythm is the natural internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle and repeats roughly every 24 hours.

Sigmund Freud and Sleep

* believed the defenses that stopped scandalous thoughts go away during sleep

*unconscious —> consciousness

latent content (Freud)

what unconscious is trying to convey

manifest content (Freud)

content/storyline of a dream// what we consciously think about

cardinal cognitive features of dreams

• visual hallucinations

• motor behavior

• highly emotional content

• loss of directed thought/ self reflection

• reduction in logical reasoning

• poor memory

Activation Synthesis Model

A theory proposing that dreams are caused by spontaneous firing of neurons in the pons and the cerebral cortex is trying to interpret what is happening

sleep deprivation

memory consolidation

sleeps plays a huge role in consolidating memories