1540 - 1547 Foreign Policy

what were H8s aims concerning Scotland

Aggressive foreign policy. Main focus was France - involvement in Scotland was to ensure that H8 was in a secure position when he was involved in France.

what did H8 do in 1542

England invades Scotland

when does H8 invade Scotland

1542

what was the result of H8s invasion of Scotland

Invasion was an immediate military success defeated at the Battle of Solway Moss. James V died shortly after the invasion leaving his 1 week old daughter Mary as the heir.

what happened following H8s success in Scotland

‘Rough wooing’ - where H8 sought to marry his son Edward to Mary, daughter of James V

what was the result of the ‘rough wooing’

‘Rough wooing’ was initially supported by the Scottish regent the Earl of Arrant. Edward & Mary were formally betrothed in the Treaty of Greenwich 1543. The Earl of Arran deserted the English cause & the Scottish parliament refused to ratify the treaty.

what happens in 1543

Treaty of Grennwich

when is the Treaty of Greenwich

1543

what happens in the Treaty of Greenwich

Edward & Mary were formally betrothed

what does H8 do after the Scottish refusal to ratify the Treaty of Greenwich

H8 orders the Earl of Hertford to carry out raids on Edinburgh, Leith & St Andrews

what was the impact of H8s order to the Earl of Hertford to carry out raids on Edinburgh, Leith & St Andrews?

was a form of retaliation that had no strategic objectives and only served to antagonise the Scots.

why does H8 fail in Scotland

neglected the opportunity to secure policy by military force despite having the opportunity in 1542

what is H8s aims for France

Aggressive foreign policy (through invasion), motivated by the lure of glory & territorial gains in France

what did H8 do concerning his French objectives

H8 formed an alliance with the HRE.

H8 set off at the head of his army despite health problems & efforts of councillors to persuade him not to in his invasion of France 1544

when did H8 invade French

1544

what did H8 agree in the Anglo-Imperial alliance

H8 gave little thought to the strategic objectives - realised an attempt to march to Pairs (as agreed in the Imperial alliance) would be unsuccessful

was H8 successful in his French objectives

Victory in Calais. Besieging of Montreuil was unsuccessful. H8 captured Boulogne.

what happened in France in 1545

The French failed to recapture Boulogne in 1545

what was the impact on H8s finances from war with France

H8 was unable to fund his wars from extraordinary revenue & was forced to sell much of the crown estate, borrowing large sums & debasing the coinage causing inflation

what happened in 1546

Peace was agreed between England & France

when was peace agreed between England & France

1546