teas 7 cell structure, function and organization part 1

Cell

The basic unit of life; made up of organelles.

Tissue

A group of similar cells working together to perform a function.

Organ

Different tissues working together to perform a function.

Organ system

A group of organs working together to carry out a function.

Organism

An individual living thing made up of one or more organ systems.

Cell theory

All living things are made of cells; cells are the basic unit of life; all cells come from preexisting cells.

Prokaryotes

Organisms whose cells lack a nucleus and membrane

Eukaryotes

Organisms whose cells have a nucleus and membrane

Examples of prokaryotes

Bacteria and Archaea.

Examples of eukaryotes

Animals, plants, fungi, and protists.

Cell membrane

Separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment.

Selectively permeable

Allows certain substances to enter or leave the cell.

Homeostasis

Maintaining a stable internal environment.

Cytoplasm

Gel

Cytoskeleton

A network of fibers that supports the cell and helps with movement.

Ribosomes

Structures where proteins are made; composed of RNA and proteins.

Amino acids

The building blocks of proteins.

Nucleus

Contains the cell's DNA and chromosomes in eukaryotic cells.

Nucleolus

Located inside the nucleus; produces ribosomal components and helps assemble ribosomes.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (Rough ER)

Has ribosomes; helps process and transport proteins.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER)

Makes lipids and helps detoxify harmful substances.

Golgi apparatus

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport.

Transport vesicles

Small membrane

Mitochondria

Produce most of the cell's ATP through cellular respiration.

ATP

The molecule that supplies usable energy for cellular activities.

Cellular respiration

The process cells use to extract energy from nutrients and produce ATP.

Chloroplasts

Organelles in plants and other photosynthetic eukaryotes where photosynthesis occurs.

Photosynthesis

The process of converting sunlight into chemical energy, producing sugars.

Lysosomes

Contain digestive enzymes that break down waste and worn

Vacuoles in animal cells

Help store and isolate waste products and other substances.

Vacuoles in plant cells

Help maintain water balance and internal pressure.

DNA

Genetic material found in all cells.

Ribosome function

Protein synthesis.

Nucleus function

Stores genetic information in eukaryotic cells.

Rough ER appearance

Rough because ribosomes cover its surface.

Smooth ER appearance

Smooth because ribosomes are not attached to its surface.

Cell membrane alternative name

Plasma membrane.

Levels of organization

Cells → tissues → organs → organ systems → organism.

Prokaryotic cells and DNA

Contain DNA, but it is not enclosed in a nucleus.

Eukaryotic cells and DNA

Contain DNA enclosed within a nucleus.

Plant cell structures

Plant cells have chloroplasts, a cell wall, and typically a large central vacuole.