Anatomy chapter 15 and 16

What is the lymphatic system?

Returns access tissue fluid to blood , helps defend microorganisms, and transports lymph through lymphatic capillaries

What is a lymph?

Interstitial fluid that enters lymphatic capillaries and travels through lymphatic vessels

What are lymph Nodes?

Structures that filter lymph and help activate immune response

What are the two main lymphatic ducts?

Thoracic ducts that drains into the left subclavian vein, right lymphatic duct that drains into the right subclavian vein

What is the function of the spleen?

Filters blood, removes worn-out red blood cells and platelets, and stores blood

What is the function of the thymus?

Site where T lymphocytes develop and mature

What are tonsils?

Lymphoid tissues that help protect the nose and oral cavity

What is an antigen?

A foreign substance that triggers immune response

What is an antibody?

A protein that binds to a specific antigen to help defend the body

What is humoral immunity?

Immune defense involving B lymphocytes and the antibodies they produce

What is cellular immunity?

Immune defense involving T lymphocytes that attack infected cells and other targets

Active vs passive immunity?

Active: your body produces antibodies Passive: you receive antibodies from another source

What do B lymphocytes do?

Respond to antigens and develop into antibody-producing plasma cells and memory cells

What do T lymphocytes do?

Help T cells activate immune responses, killer T cells attack infected and cancer cells

Digestion

Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into simpler molecules the body can use

What are five basic digestion activities?

Ingestion,peristalis,digestion, absorption, and defaction

Peristalsis

Muscle contractions that push food through the digestive tract

Absorption

Passage of digested nutrients into the blood or lymph for distribution to cells

What are accessory digestive organs?

Teeth,tongue,salivary glands, liver,gallbladder, and pancreas

What are the four layers of the digestive tract?

Mucosa,submucosa,muscularis,and serosa (adventitia)

Amylase,proteases, and lipases

Amylase breaks down carbohydrates, protease proteins, and lipases fats

What is the function of the stomach?

Mechanically and chemically breaks down food.

What is the function of the pancreas?

Produces digestive enzymes and releases insulin and glucagon.

What are the main functions of the liver?

Produces bile, stores nutrients, processes toxins, and helps remove old blood cells.

What is the function of the gallbladder?

Stores and concentrates bile until it is needed.

What is the function of the small intestine?

Completes digestion and absorbs most digested nutrients.

Villi and microvilli

Small-intestinal structures that increase surface area for nutrient absorption.

What is the function of the large intestine?

Reabsorbs water, absorbs some vitamins, and forms and expels feces.

Chyme and feces

Chyme: partially digested food in the digestive tract. Feces: semisolid waste eliminated from the body.

Lymph system consists of

Lymph,Lymph vessels,Lymph nodes, and four organs

Plasma moves out of the capillaries into

spaces between tissue cells called interstitial fluid

Ingestion

Taking of food into the body