Genocide & R2P (18 cards)

Responsibility to Protect (R2P)

International norm holding that the international community should act to prevent genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity.

Mass Atrocity Crimes

Genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity.

International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS)

The body that developed the Responsibility to Protect framework in 2005.

Genocide Convention (1948)

International treaty defining and prohibiting genocide.

Genocide

Acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group.

Killing Members of the Group

One act that constitutes genocide under the Genocide Convention.

Causing Serious Bodily or Mental Harm

One act that constitutes genocide under the Genocide Convention.

Inflicting Destructive Living Conditions

Deliberately imposing conditions intended to bring about a group's physical destruction.

Preventing Births

Imposing measures intended to prevent births within a targeted group.

Forcible Transfer of Children

Removing children from one group and transferring them to another group as part of genocidal intent.

Seriousness of Harm

R2P principle requiring significant harm before intervention is justified.

Proper Purpose

R2P principle stating intervention must primarily aim to stop human suffering.

Last Resort

R2P principle requiring peaceful alternatives to be exhausted before intervention.

Proportional Means

R2P principle requiring intervention to use no more force than necessary.

Balance of Consequences

R2P principle requiring likely benefits to outweigh potential harms.

Holocaust

Genocide carried out by Nazi Germany against Jews and other targeted populations between 1933 and 1945.

Rwandan Genocide

1994 genocide in which extremist Hutus killed hundreds of thousands of Tutsis and moderate Hutus.

Srebrenica Genocide

1995 genocide in Bosnia in which Bosnian Serb forces killed thousands of Bosniak men and boys.