X Ray Physics Week 1

What is the smallest quantity of any type of electromagnetic energy?

Photon

What is the length of a radio wave?

10²- 10^4 cm

What is the length of a microwave

1 cm

What is the length of an infrared wave?

10^-2 cm

What is the length of visible waves?

10^-5 cm

What is the length of a ultraviolet wave?

10^-6 cm

What is the length of an X-Ray?

10^-8 cm

What is the length of a gamma ray?

10^-10 - 10^-12 cm

What are the three defining characteristics of wave?

Wavelength

Frequency

Velocity

What is a wavelength?

The distance over which the waves shape repeats.

What is frequency?

The number of waves per unit of time

How is frequency measured?

Hertz (Hz)

What is velocity?

The product of wavelength and frequency

How is velocity measured?

Meters/second (m/s)

At what speed to do all x-rays travel at?

Speed of light

(c = 3 × 10^8 m/s)

What happens to the frequency and the wavelength shortens?

Increases

What kind of relationship does wavelength and frequency have?

Inversely proportional

What kind of relationship does energy and frequency have?

directly proportional

What charge do X-rays have?

neutral

What is ionizing radiation?

Radiation that has enough energy to eject electrons from electrically neutral atoms, leaving behind charged atoms

What kind of ionizing radiation are alpha particles?

helium nuclei

What kind of ionizing radiation are beta particles?

Electrons

What kind of ionizing radiation are x-rays and gamma rays?

High energy electromagnetic waves/ particles

What are the four different types of ionizing radiation?

Alpha particles

Beta particles

X-rays

Gamma rays

What are the naturally occurring environmental radiations?

Radon (37%)

Cosmic rays (5%)

Soil and ingested (8%)

What are the man-made radiation?

Medical x-rays (36%)

Nuclear medicine (11%)

Consumer products (2%)

What is the symbol for roentgen?

R

What is the symbol for air kerma?

Gy_a

What is the symbol for radiation absorbed dose?

rad

What is the symbol for Gray?

Gy_t

What is the symbol for equivalent dose?

rem

What is the symbol for sievert?

Sv

What is the common radiation unit for exposure?

Roentgen

What is the SI radiation unit for exposure?

Air kerma

What is the common radiation unit for absorbed dose?

rad

What is the SI radiation unit for absorbed dose?

Gray

What is the common radiation unit for dose equivalent?

rem

What is the SI radiation unit for dose equivalent?

Sievert

What does roentgen measure?

X-ray ability to ionize air

What is the output of most x-ray imaging systems?

1 milliroentgen

What does dose equivalent measure?

Amount radiation received by radiation workers and population

What percentage does the US make of the global medical radiation procedures?

15-30

What the unit of quantity of radioactive material, not the radiation emitted?

Curie (Ci)