Basic psychology unit 1

What two Greek words is the term 'psychology' derived from?

Psyche and logos.

Who is known for establishing the first psychology lab in 1879?

Wilhelm Wundt.

What does structuralism focus on in psychology?

It aims to identify the contents of mental processes rather than their functions.

What did E.B. Titchener contribute to psychology?

He was a key figure in the development of structuralism.

What is psychoanalysis primarily concerned with?

It studies the unconscious mind and how it affects a person's thoughts, feelings, and emotions.

What are the three levels of consciousness according to Freud?

The conscious mind, the preconscious mind, and the unconscious mind.

What did William James contribute to psychology?

He founded functionalism, focusing on the purposes of thoughts and behavior.

What does functionalism emphasize in psychology?

It examines the mind as a whole and focuses on its purpose in helping humans adapt to their environment.

Who is associated with behaviorism?

John B. Watson.

What is operant conditioning?

A method of learning that employs rewards and punishments for behavior.

What perspective does Gestalt psychology focus on?

It examines how components relate to the whole and how perception results in a uniquely whole experience.

Who founded Gestalt psychology?

Max Wertheimer.

What does the hierarchy of needs by Abraham Maslow depict?

A framework where higher needs can only be pursued after basic needs have been satisfied and fulfilled.

What are the main concepts emphasized in humanistic psychology?

Self-actualization, free will, and personal growth.

What does self-actualization refer to?

The process of realizing and fulfilling one's potential and capabilities.

What is existential psychology concerned with?

It focuses on the individual's experience and existence, emphasizing choice and personal responsibility.

What is behaviorism's focus in psychology?

It shifts the focus from subjective unconscious to observable behavior.

What is a key principle of Gestalt psychology?

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

What does the term 'Gestalt' translate to in German?

It roughly translates to 'form' or 'shape'.

What is the main focus of humanistic psychology?

It emphasizes the individual's capacity for self-actualization and personal growth.

What is Gestalt psychology?

Gestalt psychology is a perspective in psychology that emphasizes how we perceive whole forms or patterns, arguing that the whole is greater than the sum of its individual parts. It focuses on understanding how our mind organizes sensory information into meaningful experiences.

What is structuralism in psychology?

Structuralism is an approach in psychology that aims to deconstruct mental processes into their fundamental components to understand the overall structure of the mind. The primary goal of structuralism is to identify and analyze the basic contents of mental processes rather than their functions.

What research method is commonly associated with structuralism?

The introspection method, which involves self-examination and reporting of conscious experiences, is commonly associated with structuralism.

Functionalism

Functionalism is a psychological perspective that emphasizes understanding the purposes of thought and behavior in adapting to the environment, focusing on how mental processes operate to serve practical functions.

What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?

Cognitive psychology studies mental processes such as perception, memory, reasoning, and problem-solving.

Who is considered the founder of cognitive psychology?

Ulric Neisser is often credited as the father of cognitive psychology.

What is conditioning in psychology?

Conditioning is a learning process in which behaviors are associated with certain stimuli.

What does 'positive psychology' focus on?

Positive psychology studies the strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive.

What is social psychology concerned with?

Social psychology examines how individuals influence and are influenced by their social environments and relationships.