Sociology Review: Deviance, Social Stratification, Race, Gender, and Family

Vocabulary flashcards covering core sociological concepts, typologies, theories, and assigned articles from the Deviance, Stratification, Race, Gender, and Family lecture units.

Merton's Theory of Deviance

A framework identifying five distinct modes of adaptation: Conformity, Innovation, Ritualism, Retreatism, and Rebellion.

Conformity

One of the five modes of adaptation identified in Merton's Theory of Deviance.

Innovation

One of the five modes of adaptation identified in Merton's Theory of Deviance.

Ritualism

One of the five modes of adaptation identified in Merton's Theory of Deviance.

Retreatism

One of the five modes of adaptation identified in Merton's Theory of Deviance.

Rebellion

One of the five modes of adaptation identified in Merton's Theory of Deviance.

Karl Marx (Social Stratification)

The theorist whose model of social stratification centers on the Means of Production, Bourgeoisie, Proletariat, and Petty Bourgeoisie.

Means of Production

The central economic resource around which Karl Marx frames social class divisions.

Bourgeoisie

A dominant class category identified in Karl Marx's theory of class conflict and the means of production.

Proletariat

The working-class category identified in Karl Marx's theory of class conflict and the means of production.

Petty Bourgeoisie

A specific class stratum identified in Karl Marx's framework alongside the Bourgeoisie and Proletariat.

Socioeconomic success (SES)

A multi-dimensional measure of social class comprised of Wealth, Power, and Prestige.

US Social Class Ladder

A six-tier stratification hierarchy based on education and occupational requirements, consisting of Capitalist/Elite, Upper Middle class, Lower Middle, Working class, Working Poor, and Underclass.

Capitalist/Elite

The topmost tier on the US Social Class Ladder.

Upper Middle class

The class stratum positioned immediately below Capitalist/Elite on the US Social Class Ladder.

Lower Middle

The class stratum located between the Upper Middle class and the Working class on the US Social Class Ladder.

Working class

The class stratum located between Lower Middle and Working Poor on the US Social Class Ladder.

Working Poor

The class stratum positioned immediately above the Underclass on the US Social Class Ladder.

Underclass

The bottom stratum on the US Social Class Ladder, also analyzed in the article 'Uses of the Underclass in America' by Herbert J. Gans.

Merton's Typology of Prejudice and Discrimination

A typology classifying responses to prejudice and discrimination into four categories: All-weather liberal, Fair-weather liberal, All-weather bigot, and Fair-weather bigot.

All-weather liberal

One of the four categories in Merton's Typology of Prejudice and Discrimination.

Fair-weather liberal

One of the four categories in Merton's Typology of Prejudice and Discrimination.

All-weather bigot

One of the four categories in Merton's Typology of Prejudice and Discrimination.

Fair-weather bigot

One of the four categories in Merton's Typology of Prejudice and Discrimination.

Gendered Occupational Segregation

The difference in the unequal distribution or concentration of individuals into certain occupations by gender (e.g., the tendency for women to be concentrated in derical and teaching; and men in construction or engineering).

Gender Pay Gap

The difference in men's and women's earnings/income by gender.

Cult of Domesticity/Cult of True Womanhood

A historical standard of womanhood characterized by four virtues: Piety, Purity, Domesticity, and Submissiveness.

Piety

One of the four virtues comprising the Cult of Domesticity/Cult of True Womanhood.

Purity

One of the four virtues comprising the Cult of Domesticity/Cult of True Womanhood.

Domesticity

One of the four virtues comprising the Cult of Domesticity/Cult of True Womanhood.

Submissiveness

One of the four virtues comprising the Cult of Domesticity/Cult of True Womanhood.

Intersectionality

An analytical framework for understanding privilege and discrimination in society based on a person's social location in relation to interacting with others.

Fictive Kin

Non-relatives who are treated as members of the family (for example, when a mother's best friend is called Aunt).

Family of Orientation

The family you grow up in (mother, father, brothers, sisters, and extended kin).

Family of Procreation

The family you create after marriage/cohabitation and chille-birth (your spouse, your children).

Systems of Descent

Kinship organization structures classified into Bilateral, Matrilineal, Patrilineal, and Egalitarian forms.

Six (6) Functions of the Family

The specific number of family functions outlined under the functionalist perspective of family.

Marital Satisfaction (Correlates)

Family dynamics examined in relation to marital satisfaction, specifically including Cohabitation and Child blak.

Herbert J. Gans

Author of the article 'Uses of the Underclass in America'.

Robert B. Reich

Author of the article 'What Happened to the American Social Compact?'.

G. William Domhoff

Author of the reading 'Who Rules America? - The American Upper Class (Introduction and Chapter 3)'.

Eduardo Bonilla Silva

Author of the reading ''New Racism,' Color-blind Racism and the Future of Whiteness in America'.

Annette Lareau

Author of 'Concerned Cultivation and the Accomplishment of Natural Growth (from Unequeal Childhoods)'.

Giri Raj Gupta

Author of the article 'Love, Arranged Marriage, and the Indian Social Structure'.

Haddad and Smith

Authors of the study 'Islamic Values among American Muslims'.

Elijah Anderson

Author of the ethnographic text 'Code of the Streets'.