new studies

Steele and Aronson - M

 approx. 115 male, female, black, and white Stanford undergrads. They were given a standardised test for verbal ability. Told one of 2 things, it is a test to diagnose your intellectual ability, or it is a test of problem solving. Random assigned groups w equal numbers.

Steele and Aronson - R

the African Americans performed poorly when they believed the test was of intellectual ability but did just as well when they believed it was a test of problem solving.

Hamilton and Gifford - M

participants listened to a series of statements made about people from two groups (a and b). there were twice as many people in group a (so group b was the minority group). The statement about 1 individual was either positive or negative each group had the same proportion of negative comments. And participants were asked how many people in each group had positive vs negative traits.

Hamilton and Gifford - R

Participants overestimated the number of negative traits in the minority group. They correctly recalled more positive traits for group A, 74%, than B, 54%

Uchida et al - R

Both groups (risk) agreed that social harmony and conformity were highly valued by Japanese society. However, when self-evaluating, the participants at high risk for hikikomori ranked social harmony values much lower than the low-risk students. High-risk students scored lower than low-risk students on both local identity and global identity.

Uchida et al - M

BACKGROUND – In a Japanese culture transition, where globalization is promoting individualism in the workplace while the local culture is maintaining traditional collectivistic values.

a sample of 195 Japanese university students. The participants were given a standardized test to see whether they were at high risk or low risk for hikikomori. Were then given a test to measure attitudes and beliefs about social harmony and conformity which looked at three levels: perception of their current self, their ideal self, and general Japanese society. They also were asked to take a test to measure their sense of local identity (high on social harmony and collectivism) and global identity (high on individualism and achievement)

Ogihara and Uchida - M

BACKGROUND – In a Japanese culture transition, where globalization is promoting individualism in the workplace while the local culture is maintaining traditional collectivistic values.

METHOD – 34 adult Japanese women participants. All worked for a large insurance company in Japan, which was very achievement-based and goals-oriented. Participants responded to a survey which asked on individualistic and collectivistic orientation, subjective well-being, and the nature of their relationships.

Ogihara and Uchida - R

RESULTS – Even in the achievement-oriented environment, Japanese participants who were achievement-oriented scored lower on subjective well-being and had fewer close friends

Hollon - M

104 outpatients (same unis as Dereubis) who had responded to treatment. patients who had responded to CBT in a randomised, controlled trial were withdrawn from treatment and compared during a 12-month period with medications responders who had been randomly assigned to medication or placebo withdrawal. relapse was defined as the return of symptoms for 2 weeks that meet the criteria for MDD. Patients who did not relapse were withdrawn from treatment and observed across a 12-month naturalistic follow up.

Hollon - R

76% of the patients who had received drug treatment relapsed following medication withdrawal, compared with only 31% of the patients who had been treated with therapy.  

Fisher - M

viewing the loved one was associated with increased activity in the VTA (a dopamine-rich reward area). There was also additional findings of other areas being activated, especially in longer relationships.

Fisher - R

viewing the loved one was associated with increased activity in the VTA (a dopamine-rich reward area). There was also additional findings of other areas being activated, especially in longer relationships.

Wang et al - M

119 Cuban American Uni students mostly female. All born outside the US and took an introductory psychology course. Then took a Likert-scale survey, and were asked about depression, self-esteem, Cuban culture, and relationship with US culture and ethnic identification.

Wang et al - R

biculturalism is associated with more favourable outcomes, higher levels of self-esteem, lower depression, lower and anxiety.

Lueck and Wilson - M

Approx. 1200 first generation immigrants (18+ when immigrated to the US), Approx. 800 US born with first generation immigrant parents, Included diverse Asian cultures - IV. USED SEMI-STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS - DV (similar cultural background interviewer) used Internet/face to face interviews. Measured participants level of acculturative stress + impacts of language proficiency and preference, discrimination, social network, family cohesion, and socioeconomic status. Random participants

Lueck and Wilson - R

70% of the participants were reported to be experiencing acculturative stress based of interview scores. Participants with bilingual preference lower acculturative stress.  English only preference high acculturative stress. Discrimination results in higher acculturative stress. Happy with economic status and stated they would choose to move to the US again lower acculturative stress

Odden and Rochat - M

part 1. 25 months, 28 children in a Samoan village. behaviour studied. Part 2. interviews with parents and teachers in the community. part 3. Multiple choice test of the basic hierarchal system (46) 12 y/os within the community.

Odden and Rochat - R

High power distance index, left to learn independently, did not fish with the adults. No direct instruction on the heirarchal system, yet the majority of the 12 y/os had a broad understanding of the societal rituals. around 10 they would borrow the adults fishing gear and by 12 most could fish on their own.