The Renaissance & Reformation Review

What were some problems in the Catholic church?

The selling of indulgences, venerating relics & corruption

Indulgence

a document sold by the church releasing a person from punishments due for a sin

Erasmus, In Praise of Folly

criticized the corruption in the church and the hypocrisy of the clergy

Martin Luther

95 Thesis, posted in 1517, led to religious reform in Germany, He believed salvation is based on faith alone

October 31, 1517

Date that Luther nailed the 95 Thesis to the door of the Catholic church in Wittenberg, Germany.

Diet of Worms

Assembly of the estates of the empire, called by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1521. Luther was ordered to recant but he refused. Charles V declared Luther an outlaw.

How did Protestantism spread

The printing press

Henry VIII

(1491-1547) King of England from 1509 to 1547; his desire to annul his marriage led to a conflict with the pope, England's break with the Roman Catholic Church, and its embrace of Protestantism. Henry established the Church of England in 1532.

Elizabeth I of England

Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn; Queen of England 1533-1603. She would establish the English Protestant Church

Counter Reformation (Catholic Reformation)

response and reforms by the Roman Catholic Church to the Protestant Reformation

The Council of Trent

Called by Pope Paul III to reform the church. The council of church leaders looked at abused and how to reform the corruption

Council of Trent Reforms

Banned sale of indulgences

series of reforms

created schools to educate priests

The Spanish Inquisition

A program ordered by the Spanish monarchy to investigate and eliminate heresy in the kingdom.

Impact of the Reformation

1. weakened popes & strenthened monarchies

2. Europe Religiously divided

3. Religious Wars

4. Missionaries would travel & convert non-christians

4. encouraged education & questioning long held beliefs

Roman Catholic

Leader-Pope

Salvation-Faith & good works

Bible-Church & Bible the source of revealed truth

Worship Service-Mass based on ritual

Interpretation of Beliefs-Priests interpret the Bible and church teachigns for believers

Lutheranism

Leader-Ministers

Salvation-Faith Alone

Bible-Bible is the sole source of revealed truth

Worship Service-Focus on preaching & ritual

Interpretation of Beliefs-Believers interpret the Bible for themselves

Calvinism & Beliefs

Leader-Council of elders

Salvation-God has predetermined who would be saved

Bible-Bible is the sole source of revealed truth

Worship Service-Focus on preaching

Interpretation of Beliefs-Believers interpret the Bible for themselves

Anglicanism

Leader-The King of England

Salvation-Faith Alone

Bible-Bible is the sole source of revealed truth

Worship Service-Focus on preaching & ritual

Interpretation of Beliefs-Believers interpret the Bible using tradition & reason

Jesuits

Group created by the Catholic church during the Counter-Reformation. They will spread the Catholic faith around the world

What does the term Renaissance mean?

rebirth

What was the Renaissance?

a rebirth of learning that produced many great works of art and literature

Humanism

An intellectual movement that focused on human potential and what humans can do

Secular

attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis.

Who created the statue of David?

Michelangelo

Who wrote The Prince?

Machiavelli

What was the main theme of The Prince

The ends justify the means, the gaining of power through harsh means

What was the significance of the Printing Press

it could print books and pages very efficiently, quickly, and easily; spread knowledge

Who painted the Mona Lisa?

Leonardo da Vinci

Erasmus

Renaissance scholar of northern Europe. He wrote The Praise of Folly which discussed abuses in the Catholic Church

Middle Ages Art vs Renaissance Art

Middles ages-focus on religion

Renaissance art-secular themes, everyday life and Religion

Why was Italy the center of the Renaissance?

Italy was the center of trade routes, ideas spread along trade routes, merchants made money due to trade, Wealthy citizens or merchants became patrons and paid money for new art, architecture & learning