Animals in Biomedical research

Guest lecture (M2)

what are the 3 types of bonds

mother/parent—infant

siblings/friendships

Adult individuals (mating) —-pair bond

what are 3 reasons why we should care about bond types in Biomedical research

• stress buffering (social paterners lower stress)

• Distress upon seperation

• Long term health impacts (heart health, mortality)

what are the 3 levels of distress upon seperation

Acute= baby taken from mom

Middle= long term relationship end

Permanent= greif

what was the aging project

How diffrent social relationships affect long term impacts

EX- isolated, same sex siblings, breeder intact/vasectomize

what was the result of pregnant vols and cannabis

females social behavior to find males went down with exposure to canabis

what are some types of animal research

-welfare research

-Conservation research

-Nutritional

who was the Greek physician who conducted animal experiments to advance the understanding of anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology

Galen

who introduced animal testing as a method for testing surgical procedures before applying them to human patients

Avenzoar

what were the 2 early scientist who performed experiments on living animals with no Anistiatia

Aristotle, Erasistratus

what did Edund O’Meara say

The pain that the individual (animal) endured would interfere with the accuracy of the results

what lead to the 1938 Federal Food,Drug, and Cosmetic act

death of more than 100 people caused by posing of a pharmaceutical company that did not test on animals before putting product on the market

what is IACUC

federally mandated committee that oversees its institutions animal programs facilities and procedures.

what 2 federal laws mandate IACUC

-Animal welfare Act

-Health research Extension

What is AAALAC and its goal

a private organization that promotes the humane treatment of animals in science

Goal: a world where excellence in animal welfare and science converage

Why do we Use animals models***

• Biologically similar to humans

• susceptible to many of the same health Problems(cancer, disease, heart disease).

what is the impact of Animals in biomedical research

The studying of animals has yielded numerous life altering treatents’s in both human and veterinary medicine.( therapies for diabetes, organ transplant)

what has animal research made possible

Made it possible to eradicate something like smallpox

Because of Biomedical research what happened to life expectancy

it increased from 47—→76.4 to 79

what was gained from Animal research with a frit fly

identified chromosomes as the vector of inheritance genes

what was gained from animal research with dogs

Insulin, isolate islet cells, and discover its use in treating diabetes

what are 3 things that were developed because of animal testing

-Modern general anesthetics

-Refining organ transplant techniques

- Antibiotics

-Vaccines

what are the 3 common ethical concerns in animal research

-treatment of animal

-Other available models (rise of AI and machine learning

-Reproducibility

what are 3 things to consider with treatment of animal (ethical concen in research)

-Is it ok to use animal in research (does it depend on research, how invasive, minimizing suffering)

-How to balance biologically relevant methods with welfare (disease research purposely exposing animal to disease)

-How to balance species typical preferences or enrichment with biosecurity/ research needs

what is important to notes about -How to balance biologically relevant methods with welfare

-Animal welfare is the balance between 1) biological functioning 2) feelings/affective state 3) normal behaviors

what is an example of -How to balance biologically relevant methods with welfare

running wheels (enrichment) with mice

• can give mold/bacteria=biohazard

what is another common ethical concern

how to handle end of life care (euthanasia to end suffering, to many babies to handle?)

what is the idea behind other available models for testing other than animals

-Replacment ( one of the 3 R’s)

-For things like cosmetics could use specialized computer modles, cells and tissue cultures, skin equivalent test

what is meant by Reproducibility Crisis

• Many published findings fail to replicate

• high rates of non-reproducible preclinical studies

what are some contributing factors to Reproducibility crisis

small sample sizes, publication bias, poor methodology

why do we care to acknowledge the Reproducibility of a experiment

• ethical justification depends on scientific validity

• If studies are not reproducible, animal harm may lack social benefit

• Undermines trust in biomedical research

what is the percentage of scientist who have failed to reproduce others results

70%

how much is the estimated cost of irreproducible preclinical research in the US

28 billion