Integrated Science: Circulatory System and Nutrition Review

Flashcards covering the components and functions of the circulatory system and blood, as well as the five key stages of human nutrition.

What is the circulatory system?

The body's transport system where food, water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and waste are moved through the body.

What are the three main parts of the circulatory system?

The heart (pump), blood vessels (vein, capillary, artery), and blood (consisting of various cells and liquid components).

What is the function of the heart in the circulatory system?

To act as a pump that pumps blood throughout the body.

What are the three types of blood vessels listed in the notes?

Vein, capillary, and artery.

What are the four main components of blood?

Red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma (liquid), and platelets.

Where are red blood cells formed and what is their function?

They are formed in the bone marrow, and their job is to transport oxygen throughout the body and a small amount of carbon dioxide from the body cells to the lungs.

What red pigment is found in red blood cells to combine with oxygen?

Hemoglobin, a protein containing iron.

Where are white blood cells formed, and what is their role?

They are formed in the bone marrow, and their job is to destroy diseases and bacteria that enter the body.

What two types of white blood cells are listed in the notes?

Lymphocytes and phagocytes.

Where are platelets formed, and what is their job?

They are formed in the bone marrow, and their job is to help clot blood at a cut.

What is plasma and what is its composition?

A yellowish liquid composed of $90\%$ water and $10\%$ dissolved substances (products of digestion, waste products, hormones, and plasma proteins).

What is the job of plasma in the body?

To transport dissolved substances around the body.

What is ingestion?

Where food is taken into the body.

What is digestion?

When large, complex insoluble molecules are broken down into smaller, soluble ones.

What is absorption?

Where soluble food molecules are absorbed into the blood and body cells.

What is assimilation?

Where food molecules are stored and used by the body for respiration, growth, and development.

What is egestion?

Where undigested food is removed from the body.