UR1 (pt. 1)

main func of kidneys

process plasma - remove substances, sometimes ‘+’

5 funcs of kidneys

1. Regulate (h20, ions, acid-base) ‘

2. - metabolic waste from blood (in urine)

3. - foreign chemicals from blood ( in urine)

4. Gluconeogenesis (aa→ glucose)

5. Hormone/enz production

When would gluconeogenesis occur?

When fasting. aa→ glucose

Hormones that kidneys make:

1. Erythropoietin (controls RBC production)

2. 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (Ca balance)

Enz kidneys produce

Renin

Renin func:

formation of angiotensin (BP and Na balance)

angiotensin basic func

BP and Na balance

T or F: Kidneys are retroperitoneal?

true

parts of the Hilum (indented passageway)

• renal artery and vein

• nerves

• renal pelvis

• ureter

these structures have nephrons;LOH in them

• renal cortex

• renal medulla

What part of kidney pools urine into renal pelvis?

Calyx

1 kidney, how many nephrons

1million

Renal Corpuscle parts and func:

parts:

• B.C.

• glomerulus

func:

• forms filtrate from blood (NO cells, protein.s or large polypeptides)

What receives 100% of blood

Renal Corpuscle

2 parts of nephron

• renal corpuscle

• tubule

what part of nephron receives 20% of blood

tubule

tubule parts and func

parts:

• PCT

• DCT

• LOH

func:

• 1 cell thick, substances added or removed

2 types of nephron and their difference:

1. Juxtamedullary nephron (LOH fully in renal medulla)

2. cortical nephron (LOH shallow in renal medulla, MOST in renal cortex)

This area contains: Glom, PCT, DCT, peritubular capillaries , aff and eff arts of both cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons

Renal Cortex

Peritubular capillaries are ONLY here:

Renal cortex

This area contains LOH and C.D.

Renal medulla

What separates Glom. blood and Bowmans space fluid?

filtration barrier

Parts of filt. barrier

• 1 cell cap. endothelium

• basement membrane

• podocytes

Where are podocytes located?

outer surface of glom capillaries, forming the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule

What structure allows filtrate to go to B.C.

podocytes when in contact with glom.

after 100% of blood enters renal corpuscle, what % goes where??

20% B.C.

80% eff. art.

define “Visceral layer of B.C.

podocyte

parts of the jGA (junta-glom apparatus)

• Macula dense cells

• granular cells/jG cells

Macula densa cells func:

detect conc. of Na and Cl as it passes thru tubule

Granular cells / jG cells func:

produce and release renin

what structure produces and releases renin enzyme?

granular cells / jG cells

tubule flow chart of where its @

PCT→LOH→DESCENDING LIMB, ASCENDING LIMB, DCT

what is part of the C.D. system?

• cortical C.D.

• Medullary C.D.

where are glom caps and peritubular caps

glom: isnide renal corpuscle

peritubular: surround tubule

what capillaries are used for tubular excretion and absorption?

Peritubular capillaries and vasa recta