ANS Drug Chart

What is the prototype drug for the “Adrenergic Agonist” classification?

Epinephrine

What is the prototype drug for the “Alpha Adrenergic Agonist” classification?

Phenylephrine (Neo-synephrine)

What is the prototype drug for the “Beta 1 Adrenergic Agonist” classification?

dobutamine (Dobutrex)

What is the prototype drug for the “Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonist” classification?

Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)

What is a nonselective adrenergic agonist of which the dosage affects its receptor activity?

dopamine (Intropin)

What is the prototype drug for the “Alpha Adrenergic Blocker” classification?

Prazosin (Minipress)

What is the prototype drug for the “Beta-Adrenergic Blocker” classification?

Propranolol (Inderal)

What is the prototype drug for the “Direct Acting Parasympathomimetic” classification?

Bethanechol (Urecholine)

What is the prototype drug for the “Indirect Acting Parasympathomimetic” classification?

Neostigmine (Bloxiverz)

What is the prototype drug for the “Cholinergic Antagonist” classification?

Atropine

What is the mechanism of action of Epinephrine?

stimulates SNS receptors, causing vasoconstriction, mydriasis, bronchodilation, and positive chronotropic, dromotropic, and inotropic effects

What is the mechanism of action of Phenylephrine (Neo-synephrine)?

stimulates alpha receptors, causing vasoconstriction and mydriasis

What is the mechanism of action of dobutamine (Dobutrex)?

stimulates beta 1 receptors, causing positive chronotropic, dromotropic, and inotropic effects

What is the mechanism of action of Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)?

stimulates beta 2 receptors, causing bronchodilation

What is the mechanism of action of Dopamine?

dose-related; high doses (10-20 mcg/kg/min) stimulates beta 1 receptors, causing inotropic effects, and low doses (1-10 mcg/kg/min) causes vasodilation of renal and mesenteric arteries

What is the mechanism of action of Prazosin (Minipress)?

blocks alpha receptors, preventing binding of catecholamines

What is the mechanism of action of Propranolol (Inderal)?

blocks beta receptors, preventing binding of catecholamines

What is the mechanism of action of Bethanechol (Urecholine)?

mimics ACh to produce parasympathetic nervous system responses

What is the mechanism of action of Neostigmine (Bloxiverz)?

unknown

What is the mechanism of action of Atropine?

blocks muscarinic receptors sites preventing binding of ACh

What can Epinephrine (EpiPen, Adrenalin) be used for?

anaphylactic reactions, cardiac arrythmias, hypotensive shock

What can Phenylephrine (Neo-synephrine) be used for?

glaucoma, nasal congestion, hypotension

What can dobutamine (Dobutrex) be used for?

hypotension, shock 2 degrees to MI

What can Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) be used for?

asthma, COPD

What can dopamine (Intropin) be used for?

in high doses, congestive heart failure; in low does, acute renal failure

What can Prazosin (Minipress) be used for?

hypertension, frostbite, raynaud’s disease, pheochromocytoma, glaucoma, extravasation, post partem/abortion bleeding

What can Propranolol (Inderal) be used for?

hypertension, angina, tachycardia, migraines

What can Bethanechol (Urecholine) be used for?

paralytic ileus, post-op urinary retention, abdominal distention, glaucoma, anticholinergic overdose

What can Neostigmine (Bloxiverz) be used for?

myasthenia gravis

What can Atropine be used for?

surgical pre-op, sinus node dysfunction, bradycardia, heart blocks, asthma, COPD, parkinson’s disease

What are Epinephrine (EpiPen, Adrenalin)’s side effects?

hypertension, tachycardia, arrhythmias, urinary retention, cerebral hemorrhage, angina, CNS excitability, hyperglycemia, extravasation

What are Phenylephrine (Neo-synephrine)’s side effects?

hypertension, tachycardia, arrhythmias, urinary retention, cerebral hemorrhage, angina, CNS excitability, hyperglycemia, extravasation

What are dobutamine (Dobutrex)’s side effects?

hypertension, tachycardia, arrhythmias, urinary retention, cerebral hemorrhage, angina, CNS excitability, hyperglycemia, extravasation

What are Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)’s side effects?

hypertension, tachycardia, arrhythmias, urinary retention, cerebral hemorrhage, angina, CNS excitability, hyperglycemia, extravasation

What are dopamine (Intropin)’s side effects?

hypertension, tachycardia, arrhythmias, urinary retention, cerebral hemorrhage, angina, CNS excitability, hyperglycemia, extravasation

What are Prazosin (Minipress)’s side effects?

orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, nausea/vomiting/diarrhea, edema, uterine contractions, reflex tachycardia

What are Propranolol (Inderal)’s side effects?

impotence, bradycardia, edema, orthostatic hypotension, arrythmias, bronchoconstriction, nausea/vomiting, dry mouth, drowsiness/lethargy/depression

What are Bethanechol (Urecholine)’s side effects?

urinary incontinence, flushing/diaphoresis, blurred vision, muscular tremors, hypotension, bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, cholinergic crisis

What are Neostigmine (Bloxiverz)’s side effects?

muscle weakness

What are Atropine’s side effects?

dry mouth, drowsiness, constipation, urinary retention, tachycardia, confusion, increased intraocular pressure, blurred vision, bradycardia, and hot dry flushed skin

What are nursing implications for Adrenergic Agonists?

assess VS and cardiac function, assess urine output, assess therapeutic response, consult healthcare provider before taking OTC cold medication, watch blood glucose levels in diabetics, ensure safety 2 degrees to CNS excitability, monitor EKG for arrythmias, assess IV for extravasation

What are nursing implications for Adrenergic Antagonists?

assess VS and cardiac output, assess urine output, assess therapeutic response, assess signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure, consult healthcare provider before taking OTC meds, watch blood glucose in diabetics, safety secondary to orthostatic hypotension, alpha blockers are contraindicated to pregnancy, beta blockers are contraindicated to asthma, hold beta blockers if the pulse is <60, instruct pts not to stop beta blockers abruptly

What are nursing implications for Cholinergic Agonists?

assess VS and cardiac function, assess urine output, assess therapeutic response, treat overdose with atropine, contraindicated with asthma

What are nursing implications for Cholinergic Antagonists?

assess VS and cardiac output, assess urine output, assess therapeutic response, caution with decreased renal function, contraindicated with myasthenia gravis, contraindicated with glaucoma, comfort measures: ice chips, good oral hygiene, fluids for constipation