World history- Mongols chinas dynasties

Mongolia

Original homeland of the Mongols in Asia

Pastoral People

Nomads who move from place to place with flocks of animals and tents

Clans

Groups of people related through family ties

Genghis Khan

Leader who united the Mongols and built a powerful army

Eurasia

Land area that includes Europe and Asia

Dynasty

A family that rules a country for a period of time

Khanates

Regions of the Mongol Empire divided among Genghis Khan's descendants

Silk Road

Trade route connecting China and Europe

Spice Road

Trade route connecting Europe and India

Gunpowder

Explosive material used in weapons that the Mongols encountered in China

Kublai Khan

Grandson of Genghis Khan who conquered the Song Dynasty and ruled China

Song Dynasty

Chinese dynasty conquered by Kublai Khan

Khanbaliq

Capital city built by Kublai Khan near modern-day Beijing

Marco Polo

Italian traveler who journeyed through Asia and wrote about his experiences

Ming Dynasty

Chinese dynasty founded after the Mongols were driven out of China

Ming Hong Wu

Founder of the Ming Dynasty who overthrew Mongol rule in China

The Great Wall

Fortification built to help protect China from invaders

Civil Service Exam

Test used to select people for government jobs

The Grand Canal

Canal connecting northern and southern China to transport goods and food

Yong Le

Ming emperor who supported exploration and expansion

Zheng He

Chinese explorer who led seven major sea expeditions

Portuguese Fleet

Portuguese explorers who reached China and helped open contact with Christian missionaries

Christian Missionaries

People who traveled to China to spread Christianity

Confucian Views

Teachings of Confucius emphasizing values, proper behavior, and social order

Peasant Rebellion

Uprising against the Ming Dynasty caused by problems such as corruption and high taxes

Plague

A serious disease outbreak that spread and contributed to population problems

Manchus

People from northeast of China who helped overthrow the Ming Dynasty

Qing Dynasty

Chinese dynasty established by the Manchus

1% and 99%

The approximate proportions of Manchus and Chinese people under Qing rule, according to the study notes

Bannermen

Elite Manchu military forces that protected the rulers and fought enemies and rebellions

Footbinding

Practice of tightly binding girls' feet, associated with traditional Chinese beauty and social status