HSF (Ch.6) Toes Foot Ankle - 09-22-25

*What part of the foot is formed by the phalanges?

Digits

*Name the processes found on the calcaneus

Trochlear, medial, and lateral

*Describe where the MTP joints are located- BE SPECIFIC please!

MTP joints are between the heads of metatarsals and the bases of proximal phalanges

*How many bones are found inside of the foot?

26 (one less than the hand and wrist)

*Which of the following bones of the foot is fractured most often?

Base of the 5th metatarsal

*What is the strongest and largest of the tarsal bones?

Calcaneus

*Which malleolus extends more distal?

Lateral malleolus (extends more distal then the medial and posterior malleoli)

*The sustentaculum tali is found on the

Calcaneus

*What part of the distal tibia superimposes the dital fibula

Anterior tubercle

*Where should the fibula be seen on a perfect lateral ankle?

Fibula should be superimposed or seen within the posterior half of the tibia

*How many arches are there in the foot?

2

Do we rotate the oblique foot medially or laterally?

Medially

*What is the posterior part of the foot called?

Plantar

*The opening that is seen between the calcaneus, which is also where ligaments pass through, is called what?

Sinus taris

*This surface could be described as the floor of the tibia, which is also the roof of the mortise joint

Tibial plafond

*True or false, the medial malleolus sits more distally than the lateral malleolus

False

*In the AP position, the intermalleolar line forms what range of degrees to the coronal plane?

15-20

*True or false, a properly positioned mortise ankle view will have the medial, lateral and superior aspects of the mortise joint open.

True

What is the routine for a toe series

AP foot oblique and lateral of affected digit

What is the routine for a foot series

AP medial oblique and lateral

What is the routine for a calcaneus series

axial and lateral

What is the routine for an ankle series

AP mortise and lateral

How many bones are in the foot

26

How many phalanges are in the foot

14

How many metatarsals are in the foot

5

How many tarsals are in the foot

7

Which bone of the foot is most commonly fractured

base of 5th metatarsal

Which malleolus extends more distal

lateral malleolus

The sustentaculum tali is found on which bone

calcaneus

What part of the distal tibia superimposes the distal fibula

anterior tubercle

Where should the fibula be seen on a perfect lateral ankle

posterior half of tibia

Strongest and largest tarsal bone

calcaneus

Second largest tarsal bone

talus

Alternate name for calcaneus

os calcis

Alternate name for talus

astragalus

Alternate name for navicular

scaphoid

What two bones form the subtalar joint

talus calcaneus

Facets of the subtalar joint

posterior anterior middle

Where does the Achilles tendon attach

calcaneal tuberosity

Common site for heel spurs

calcaneal tuberosity

Best view to see sustentaculum tali

axial calcaneus

Best view to see sinus tarsi

medial oblique foot

Opening between calcaneus and talus for ligaments

sinus tarsi

Joint formed by tibia fibula and talus

mortise joint

Another name for the mortise joint

tibiotalar joint

Imaginary line through malleoli called

intermalleolar plane

Angle of intermalleolar plane to coronal plane in AP position

15 to 20 degrees

Positioning needed to open mortise joint

medial rotation 15 to 20 degrees

Surface of tibia forming roof of mortise joint

tibial plafond

Three malleoli of the ankle

medial lateral posterior

Fracture of all three malleoli called

trimalleolar fracture

Surgical repair of trimalleolar fracture called

Open reduction internal fixation

Joint type of interphalangeal joints

hinge

Joint type of metatarsophalangeal joints

ellipsoid

Joint type of intertarsal joints

plane

Preferred joint type classification for tibiotalar joint

sellar saddle

Two arches of the foot

longitudinal transverse

Arch best evaluated from medial side

longitudinal

Arch formed by cuneiforms and cuboid

transverse

Where is CR centered for AP foot

base of 3rd metatarsal

Where is CR centered for AP toes

base of 3rd metatarsal

Bones forming the toes

phalanges

Bones forming the arch of foot

metatarsals

Bone forming the heel

calcaneus

Bone supporting tibia weight in ankle

talus

Process on calcaneus supporting talus

sustentaculum tali

Process on calcaneus lateral side also called trochlear

peroneal process

Processes of calcaneus that are not usually significant unless mispositioned

medial and lateral processes

Best seen part of mortise in mortise view

medial lateral and superior joint space open

Base of which metatarsal shows a prominent tuberosity

fifth

Largest cuneiform

medial cuneiform

Smallest cuneiform

intermediate cuneiform

Tarsal articulating with 4th and 5th metatarsals

cuboid

Tarsal found anterior to talus

navicular

Tarsal found anterior to calcaneus and lateral to lateral cuneiform

cuboid

Tarsal with both medial and lateral processes

calcaneus

Joint between head of metatarsal and base of proximal phalanx

metatarsophalangeal joint

Joint between distal row of tarsals and bases of metatarsals

tarsometatarsal joint

Sesamoid bones are embedded in what

tendons

Largest sesamoid bone

patella

Age when patella develops

3 to 4 years

Posterior part of the foot is called

plantar

Rotation direction for oblique foot view

medial

Where should fibula appear relative to tibia on perfect lateral ankle

posterior half of tibia

What must you place on the AP foot in a toe series to indicate the injured toe

arrow marker

Why do we add a posterior angle on the AP foot

to be perpendicular to metatarsals

CR location for AP foot

base of third metatarsal

Lateral foot vs lateral calcaneus main difference

central ray

Mnemonic to remember the tarsals

come to colorado next three christmases

Which tarsal is on the lateral side of the foot

cuboid

Which tarsal is on the medial side of the foot

navicular

How many cuneiforms are there

three

Names of the cuneiforms from medial to lateral

medial intermediate lateral

Which cuneiform is largest

medial cuneiform

Which cuneiform is smallest

intermediate cuneiform

Navicular articulations count

five

Lateral cuneiform base articulation

third metatarsal

Intermediate cuneiform base articulation

second metatarsal

Medial cuneiform base articulation

first metatarsal

Tarsals compared to carpals mobility

less mobile