AP Euro Capitalism

Capital

Money for investment

Capitalism

An economic system based on private ownership of capital

The Market

A group of buyers and sellers of a particular good or service

The Fuggers

This was a family of prominent bankers and merchants in Augsberg.

Joint Stock Company

A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts.

Nobles of the Robe

The nobles in France whose nobility was either acquired by serving in the bureaucracy or had purchased them.

House of Lords

The upper house of the British parliament

House of Commons

Britain's lower house in Parliament.

Feudalism

A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land.

Serfdom

A type of labor commonly used in feudal systems in which the laborers work the land in return for protection.

Little Ice Age

Temporary but significant cooling period between the fourteenth and the nineteenth centuries; accompanied by wide temperature fluctuations, droughts, and storms, causing famines and dislocation.

Black Death

A deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1350.

Open Field System

system of farming that divided the land to be cultivated by the peasants of a given village into several large unenclosed fields.

Three Field System

A system of farming developed in medieval Europe, in which farm land was divided into three fields of equal size and each of these was successively planted with a winter crop, planted with a spring crop, and left unplanted.

Price Revolution

The period in European history during the 1500s when inflation rose rapidly.

Enclosure Movement

The 18th century privatization of common lands in England, which contributed to the increase in population and the rise of industrialization.

Jacquerie

A massive uprising by French peasants in 1358 protesting heavy taxation.

Great Fire of London

A 1666 fire in London that ravaged much of the city.

Deserving Poor

Those who became beggars who were viewed as being capable of work in 16th century London.

Geneva

The city in Switzerland that adopted John Calvin's Ecclesiastical Ordinances in 1541.