Clincial Pathology Birds

Chapter 4 birds

Why is it unsafe to treat a bird as simply a small mammal with feathers?

Birds have unique anatomy and physiology that change restraint, respiration, medication, anesthesia, and emergency care

 

Birds do not require species-specific handling or equipment

 

Birds have the same respiratory and skeletal systems as mammals

 

Birds can tolerate prolonged restraint better than most mammals

Birds have unique anatomy and physiology that change restraint, respiration, medication, anesthesia, and emergency care

Which housing arrangement is most appropriate for a companion bird?

A tall narrow cage with one uniform dowel perch

 

A cage placed in the kitchen beside the stove

 

An enclosure wide enough for wing extension with safe materials, varied perches, and appropriate enrichment

 

An enclosure lined with loose material that prevents observation of droppings

An enclosure wide enough for wing extension with safe materials, varied perches, and appropriate enrichment

Why must the keel remain unrestricted during restraint, positioning, and bandaging?

 

Keel movement is necessary for effective ventilation because birds do not have a diaphragm

 

The keel controls pupil size

 

The keel produces urates

 

Keel movement is required only while the bird is eating

Keel movement is necessary for effective ventilation because birds do not have a diaphragm

Which feature is characteristic of normal avian red blood cells?

 

They are round and lack nuclei

 

They contain no hemoglobin

 

They are oval and nucleated

 

They function primarily as clotting cells

They are oval and nucleated

Which finding indicates that towel restraint should be paused or stopped?

 

Increasing respiratory effort, weakness, overheating, or altered mentation

 

Quiet observation before capture

 

Normal use of the beak as a third limb

 

A stable body weight recorded before restraint

Avian chlamydiosis caused by Chlamydia psittac

Which finding indicates that towel restraint should be paused or stopped?

 

Increasing respiratory effort, weakness, overheating, or altered mentation

 

Quiet observation before capture

 

Normal use of the beak as a third limb

 

A stable body weight recorded before restraint

 

Increasing respiratory effort, weakness, overheating, or altered mentation

A bird bites when asked to step up, and the owner immediately returns the bird to its cage. What may the bird learn?

 

Biting always causes pain and should never be repeated

 

The cage is no longer part of its territory

 

The step-up request will become easier without training

 

Biting successfully ends the interaction and may therefore be reinforced

Biting successfully ends the interaction and may therefore be reinforced

Which component of the dropping is normally white to cream and represents uric acid waste?

 

Feces

 

Bile

 

Mucus

 

Urates

urates

Which statement about the avian urinary system is correct?

 

Most birds lack a urinary bladder, and the ureters empty into the cloaca

 

Birds normally store urine in a large urinary bladder

 

Urates are produced by the crop

 

The kidneys empty directly into the ventriculus

 

Most birds lack a urinary bladder, and the ureters empty into the cloaca

What is the primary function of the avian air sacs?

 

Produce red blood cells

 

Store and mechanically grind food

 

Filter urates from the bloodstream

 

Act as bellows that move air through the rigid lungs

 

Act as bellows that move air through the rigid lungs