Socialization and Identities- Exam 2

Identities

meaning of the self that guide how we understand ourselves and how we behave

what do identities correspond to

different societal people types

what act like goals or standards

identities, we attempt to act so that we perceive we are successfully expressing or living out our identities, identities drive our behavior, and we need others to help verify our identities

looking-glass self

sense of who we are that is defined by incorporating how we imagine others view and evaluate us, we use others as a mirror to see ourselves

what do people incorporate

-there self evaluations

-the “reflected appraisals” of others

-actual appraisals (feedback) from others into their understanding of whether they are successfully living their identities

why do people have multiple identities

some of which are more important to them than others, the self can be conceptualized as a collection or hierarchy of identities, and identities are “situated”-activated or made real in particular situations, contexts or social arrangements

more importnat identities may be activated by what

activated across a greater range of situations

master identity

an identity that is activated across many contexts, is connected to other identities, and influence other identities

what do people seek out

contexts where they can live out important identities, if they fail to find those contexts, the identities may decrease in importance

what are the four types of identities

-role

-person

-group

-categorical

group identities

meanings of the self based on memberships in groups and involving interaction with others in the group

role identities

meanings of the self corresponding to social positions (statuses) in social arrangements, like occupational, organizational, or family positions

personal identities

meanings of the self corresponding to culturally recognized individual characteristics, like being kind, moral, or controlling

categorical identities

meanings of the self based on societal classifications of individuals, like sex, race, or ethnic group

socialization

process through which one learns to act according to shared meanings of a particular culture, institution, organization, or group

what do people learn through socialization

the shared meanings that make possible living and working with other people

what is socialization

a lifelong process and an active process

primary socialization

childhood scoialization

resocialization

process of learning shared meanings when entering a new culture, institution, organization, or group

anticipatory socialization

process through which people learn the shared meanings of some culture, institution, organization, or group they will likely enter in the future

agents of socialization

various individuals, groups and institutions who influence socialization

what does socialization involve

internalizing society

what aspects of society are internalized

-identities

-shared meanings and the packages of shared meanings that comprise social arrangements

-the meanings that organize society organize our cognitive processes

-mental representations of other people (specific people and generalized others)

what are Blumer’s three premise about meaning

-human beings act toward things on the basis of the meanings that the things have for them

-the meaning of such things is derived from, or arises out of, the social interaction that one has with other people

-these meanings are handled in, and modified through, an interpretive process used by the person in dealing with the things he or she encounters

what to people act toward

things based on the meaning of those things include their own selves

what does having a self require

for Mead, having a self requires self-consciousness, the ability to give meaning to your self, which allows people to evaluate themselves using meanings derived from society, like identities and values

role-taking

ability to see oneself from the perspective of others and to use that perspective in formulating one’s own behavior

who can people role-take with

individuals or with the generalized other

generalized other

perspective of society or some social group or community

what did Mead conceptualized

the self as a conversation in which the socialized par of the self can evaluate our desires, impulses and plans from the perspecives of society

what can we engage in in our internal conversations

engage with specific other people and with a generalized other

Internal conversation with specific others

-around 2/3 of the ICs in our study included another person, the most common types were friends (14%), parents (12%), and boyfriends/girlfriends (9%)

-most ICs (73%) were soliloquies (people talking to themselves), however, 17% were dialogues with other people

what are the identified 5 ways the generalized other shows up explicitly in ICs-where the individual takes into account their social group or community

-social anticipation

-social normality

-social morality

-social emotions

-social princible

social princible

abstract principle or rule about how the social work works derived from socialization

social emotions

feeling or anticipating feeling some emotional state connected the perceived standards of the community

social moraltiy

invoking some moral standard (derived from society)

social anticipation

anticipating response or judgement from some community or group

social normality

comparing oneself to what is normal in the community

what is becoming a marihuana user

a classic study of socialization published in 1953

what was the research method of becoming a mariuana user

participant observation, 50 interviews

what was the premise of becoming a marihuana user

any behavior (marihuana use for pleasure) requires acquiring meanings through social experiences

what are the three stages in developing meaning of marihuana for pleasure

1) learning to smoke drug so that it will have real effect

2) learning to recognize the effects and connect them to drug use

3)learning to enjoy the sensations that are perceived

implications of beckers study

-agents of drug socialization matter

-drug effects vary from culture to culture

drunken comportment

cultural norms for behavior while drunk

what is treatment for drunken comportment

changing drug meanings

total institution

place where individuals are cut off from wider society for an appreciable period and where together they lead an enclosed formally administered life