APUSH Period 7A

A comprehensive vocabulary review of all 65 AP U.S. History Period 7A concepts, covering the Progressive Era, American Imperialism, and related social, economic, and political developments.

Four main goals of the Progressives

Social Equality, Moral Decay, Political Corruption, Business Corruption

Muckraker

A journalist who exposed the corruption in society

Jacob Riis

Wrote How the Other Half Lives

Ida Tarbell

Wrote an expose on the Standard Oil Company

Ida B. Wells

Wrote against lynching

Lincoln Steffens

Wrote The Shame of the Cities

Upton Sinclair

Wrote The Jungle

White Middle Class Women

Leaders of most Progressive movements

Oregon v. Muller

Limited women's working hours to 10 hours per day

Keating-Owen Act

Banned child labor

16th Amendment

Granted a federal income tax

17th Amendment

Granted direct election of senators

18th Amendment

Prohibited the sale, manufacture, and transport of alciohol

Initiative

Voting reform that allowed the people to propose a law

Referendum

Voting reform that allowed the people to vote on a law

Recall

Voting reform that allowed the people to remove an official from office

Direct Primary

Voting reform that allowed the people of each party to select their candidate for President

Secret Ballot

Voting reform that allowed voters to cast their votes ananymously

Food and Drug Administration

Agency created after the publishing of The Jungle to regulate businesses

Western States

Areas that were the first to institute voting reforms such as recalls, referendums, and women's suffrage

Monroe Doctrine

Foreign policy of the US prior to the 1890's that stated other nations should stay out of the western hemisphere

Reasons for the growth of US imperialism

Economic Markets, Military Might, Anglo-Saxon superiority

Imperialism

Strong countries dominating weaker nations economically and politically

Rudyard Kilpling

Writer of the poem The White Man's Burden; stated it was the White Man's duty to spread "civilization"

Seward's Folly

The purchase of Alaska from Russia in order to gain its resources

Annexation of Hawaii

US sugar planters overthrow the Queen and the US annexes the islands to gain a naval base in the Pacific and to avoid paying tariffs

Alfred T. Mahan

Wrote The Influence of Sea Power Upon History advocating a strong navy in the US

Spain

Ruled Cuba harshly prior to 1898, placing Cubans in concentration camps and killing rebels

Yellow Journalism (Spanish-American War)

Exaggerated news stories by Pulitzer and Hearst that often sought to increase American ire toward Spain

De Lome Letter

A message sent from the Spanish ambassador to Spain criticizing President McKinley as weak and indecisive

USS Maine

American ship that exploded off the coast of Havana, killing 280 Americans

Phillipines

Site of the first fighting of the Spanish American War in order to gain vital resources for the US; Battle of Manila Bay

Treaty of Paris 1898

Gave the US Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam

Platt Amendment

An addition to the Cuban Constitution that stated Cuba was not allowed to go into debt, the US could intervene in Cuba at anytime, and that the US could keep a naval base in Cuba

Open Door Policy

Allowed anyone to trade with China that wanted to trade with China

John Hay

Author of the Open Door Policy

Splendid Little War

Nickname for the 15-week Spanish American War

Insular Cases

Court rulings that the Constitution does NOT follow the flag

Theodore Roosevelt

Commander of the Rough Riders in their charge up San Juan Hill

Sphere of Influence

An area of political and economic control

19th Amendment

Grants women the right to vote

Big Stick Diplomacy

Aggressive foreign policy that uses force to deal with other nations; Great White Fleet

Dollar Diplomacy

Foreign policy that invests money in other countries

Moral Diplomacy

Foreign policy that seeks to spread democracy in the world

Square Deal

Teddy Roosevelt's progressive plan; involved trust-busting and conservation projects.

New Freedom

Woodrow Wilson's domestic policy that, promoted antitrust modification, tariff revision, and reform in banking and currency matters.

Pure Food and Drug Act

1906 - Forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs, it gave the government broad powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs in order to abolish the "patent" drug trade. Still in existence as the FDA.

Meat Inspection Act

1906 - Laid down binding rules for sanitary meat packing and government inspection of meat products crossing state lines.

Hepburn Act

This 1906 law used the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate the maximum charge that railroads to place on shipping goods.

Elkins Act

(1903) gave the Interstate Commerce Commission more power to control railroads from giving preferences to certain customers

Sherman Antitrust Act

(1890) First federal action against monopolies, extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions

Clayton Antitrust Act

law created by Woodrow Wilson that weakened monopolies and upheld the rights of unions and farm organizations

Federal Reserve Act

a 1913 law that set up a system of federal banks and gave government the power to control the money supply

Underwood Tariff

Pushed through Congress by Woodrow Wilson, this 1913 tariff reduced average tariff duties by almost 15% and established a graduated income tax

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

a federal agency created under Woodrow Wilson empowered to prevent persons or corporations from using unfair methods of competition in commerce

Panama Canal

Ship canal cut across the isthmus of Panama by United States, it opened in 1915; Teddy gained through Big Stick foreign policy

Mexican Revolution (1910-1920 CE)

Fought over a period of almost 10 years from 1910; resulted in ouster of Porfirio Diaz from power; opposition forces led by Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata.

Election of 1912

Presidential campaign involving Taft, T. Roosevelt, and Woodrow Wilson. Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote, enabling Wilson to win

Bull Moose Party

nickname for the new Progressive Party, which was formed to support Roosevelt in the election of 1912

Payne-Aldrich Tariff

Signed by Taft in March of 1909 in contrast to campaign promises. Was supposed to lower tariff rates but raised tariffs. This split the Repulican party into progressives (lower tariff) and conservatives (high tariff).

Booker T. Washington

Prominent black American, born into slavery, who believed that racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society, was head of the Tuskegee Institute in 1881. His book "Up from Slavery."

W.E.B. DuBois

1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination, advocated immediate equality, and helped create NAACP in 1910

Vaudeville shows

A touring show comprised of several types of acts that were popular in the US from the late 1800's through the 1920's

Ragtime

A type of music featuring melodies with shifting accents over a steady, marching- band beat; originated among black musicians in the south and midwest in the 1880s

Yellow Journalism

Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers