core study pompeii and herculaneum 1.1 plus 1.2 survey

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17 Terms

1
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Where were Pompeii and Herculaneum located?
Campania, southern Italy, near the Bay of Naples and Mount Vesuvius.
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What was Pompeii's geographical location?
On an elevated volcanic plateau near the Sarno River, southeast of Mount Vesuvius.
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What was Herculaneum's geographical location?
On a coastal headland overlooking the Bay of Naples, west of Mount Vesuvius.
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What natural features contributed to Campania's prosperity?
Fertile volcanic soil, the Sarno River, the Bay of Naples and a Mediterranean climate.
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How did Mount Vesuvius contribute to Campania's economy?
Its fertile volcanic soil supported agriculture, especially grapes, olives and wine production.
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How did the Sarno River benefit Pompeii?
It connected Pompeii to inland settlements, enabling trade and transportation of goods.
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How did the Bay of Naples benefit the two towns?
It supported fishing, maritime transport and Mediterranean trade.
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How did Campania's geography contribute to both prosperity and danger?
Fertile soil and waterways encouraged agriculture and trade, but nearby Vesuvius posed a volcanic threat.What major natural disaster occurred before the eruption of AD 79?
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When did Mount Vesuvius erupt and destroy Pompeii and Herculaneum?
AD 79.
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What type of eruption occurred in AD 79?
A Plinian eruption, producing a powerful column of volcanic ash, pumice and gases.
11
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What were the main stages of the eruption?
Explosive ash column, pumice fallout, pyroclastic currents and eventual burial of the towns.
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What is pumice and how did it affect Pompeii?
A lightweight volcanic rock that accumulated on buildings, causing roofs to collapse.
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What is a pyroclastic current?
A rapidly moving, extremely hot mixture of volcanic gases, ash and rock fragments.
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How did the eruption affect Pompeii?
Heavy pumice and ash caused roof collapses, followed by deadly pyroclastic currents.
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How did the eruption affect Herculaneum?
Extremely hot pyroclastic surges and flows overwhelmed the town, killing many remaining residents.
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Why did Pompeii and Herculaneum experience different forms of destruction?
Prevailing winds directed pumice towards Pompeii, while Herculaneum was mainly buried by pyroclastic deposits.
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How did the eruption contribute to the preservation of both towns?
Volcanic deposits buried and protected buildings and objects, preserving aspects of Roman life.