Integumentary System Anatomy and Physiology

integumentary system

Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail, largest organ of the human body.

epidermis

The outer layer of the skin.

dermis

A layer tissue underneath the epidermis of the skin which contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, sensory receptors, and oil and sweat glands.

hypodermis

Also called a subcutaneous layer, this is a layer of fat is located under the dermis of the skin; helps to insulate the body and protects underlying muscles and blood vessels.

melanin

A pigment that gives the skin, hair and eyes color and helps protect the body from harmful UV radiation that causes skin cancer.

hair follicle

A small tubular cavity in skin containing the root of a hair and is attached to oil glands.

nail cuticle

Dead, colorless tissue attached to the natural nail plate.

hair root

The part of the hair located below the surface of the epidermis.

Ist degree burn

the Epidermis has been effected

2nd degree burn

The Dermis has been effected

3rd degree Burn

All three layers have been effected

Sebaceous Glands

found in the dermis, secrete the oil sebum

Sweat Glands

also called sudoriferous glands, found through the body

Apocrine Glands

in the pubic and underarm areas that secrete a thicker sweat

Epidermis

Most superficial layer of skin. Replaced every 4-6 weeks

Keratinocytes

The most abundant epidermal cells, they function mainly to produce keratin.

Melanocytes

Spidery black cells that produce the brown-to-black pigment called melanin.

Dermis

Dense, irregular connective tissue consisting of two regions - the papillary and the reticular areas.

Sebaceous Glands

Ducts that empty into hair follicles, excreting oily substances.

Sebum

The product of sebaceous glands. It is a mixture of oily substances and fragmented cells that acts as a lubricant to keep the skin soft and moist.

Eccrine Glands

These glands produce sweat.

Apocrine Glands

Secrete milky protein that acts as a nutrient medium for the microorganisms found on the skin.

Keratin

Fibrous protein that is responsible for the strength and water resistance of the skin surface.

Collagen

A protein that is a main constituent of connective tissue.

Melanin

A natural pigment that protects the cells in the skin and in deeper layers from the hazardous effects of UV radiation by absorbing sunlight.

Hypodermis

Layer of the skin made up of connective tissue and fat that acts as insulation and padding for the skin.

Pore

Made:Tiny openings on top of skin with sweat and oil glands

Function: Let sweat and oil come out of skin.

Erector Pilli/Arrector Pilli

Made:Muscles attached to hair

Function:makes the hair on a person's arm stand up to keep them warm

Nerve

Made:Sensory receptors

Variety of nerve receptors

Function:Sense change and information about outside environment

Adipose tissue (fat molecule)

Made:fat

Function:Insulate the body from heat and cold

provides padding

an energy storage area

athlete's foot

contagious; fungal infection

acne

bacterial infection of sebaceous glands

subcutaneous layer

fat layer

direct sunlight

primary cause of skin cancer

third degree burn

involves destruction of epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layer

Epidermis

Most superficial layer of skin. Replaced every 4-6 weeks

Keratinocytes

The most abundant epidermal cells, they function mainly to produce keratin.

Melanocytes

Spidery black cells that produce the brown-to-black pigment called melanin.

Dermis

Dense, irregular connective tissue consisting of two regions - the papillary and the reticular areas.

Sebum

The product of sebaceous glands. It is a mixture of oily substances and fragmented cells that acts as a lubricant to keep the skin soft and moist.

Eccrine Glands

These glands produce sweat.

Apocrine Glands

Secrete milky protein that acts as a nutrient medium for the microorganisms found on the skin.

Keratin

Fibrous protein that is responsible for the strength and water resistance of the skin surface.

Collagen

A protein that is a main constituent of connective tissue.

Melanin

A natural pigment that protects the cells in the skin and in deeper layers from the hazardous effects of UV radiation by absorbing sunlight.

Hypodermis

Layer of the skin made up of connective tissue and fat that acts as insulation and padding for the skin.

Epidermis

Outer layer. Protects against pathogens:

Integumentary system

2 layers. Epidermis and dermis

Hair

Made of keratin. Protects scalp from light from sun

Hair follicles

Tube like pockets of epidermal cells that extend into the dermis

Nails

Grow from area of rapidly dividing cells known as nail roots. Fingernails grow 3 times faster than toe nails

Excretion

Small amount of sweat release constantly from sweat glands

Melanoma

Cancers that develop from melon gets

Acne

Sebum and dead skin cells form plugs in hair follicles. Bacteria trapped in

Joints

Where bones meet. Joints contain connective tissues that hold bones together.

Immovable joints/ fixed joints

Interlocked. Skull meets bone

*PURPOSE of integumentary*

-protects deeper tissues

-blocks UV

-prevents infection from entering body

-temperature regulation

-prevents dehydration

-makes Vitamin D from sunlight

-excrete wastes (sweating)

-sensory organ

epidermis

outer layer; site of rapid mitosis; production of keratin and melanin

Melanocytes

give skin pigmentation and protects from UV rays

dermis

inner layer, contains major structures of skin: collagen, blood vessels, nerve endings, glands, sensory receptors, hair follicles

subcutaneous fat

adipose tissue, proves insulation for body

layers of skin

Macrophage

Large white blood cell that removes bacteria, foreign particles, and dead cells. Usually found in the dermis and hypodermis as a clean up cell to fight infection

Merkel Cell

Receptor cells in the stratum basale of the epidermis that respond to the sense of touch. Used primarily for light touch.

List all structures that extend into the dermis layer that are created by the epidermal stratum basale

Sabaceous glands, hair shaft and all of hair bulb, eccrine glands, apocrine glands, ceruminuous glands

What three primary things are contained in sweat?

Mostly water with some urea (1/130th of urine concentration), some metabolic wastes, and some antibodies to control bacteria

Functions of sebum produced by the sebaceous gland

Moisturize the skin with oils, some antibodies to regulate bacteria, lubricate the hair shaft, can add waterproofing properties to skin