nutrition for accessory GI organs

liveir

makes bile

gallbladder

stores bile

liver functions

detoxification of drugs, alcohols, and supplements

amino acid breakdown and synthesis

cholesterol production

RBC recycling and regulation of blood composition

regulation of blood glucose (stores glycogen)

bile production (to breakdown fats)

vitamin absorption (fat soluble)

sx of hepatitis

fatigue

jaundice

n/v

lack of appetite (alters taste)

bleeding/bruising

dark urine

hepatitis

inflammation of the liver

doe to infection or injury

nutritional themes for viral hepatitis

n/v → cold foods

loss of appetite → small freq meals

weight loss → high nutrient foods

fatigue → meal prep, food in morning

nutrient dense foods for hepatitis

nut butter

avocado

whole milk

eggs

macronutrient needs for hepatitis

CL and advance as tolerated

high calorie

high quality protein

adequate fluid intake

no alcohol

maintain weight

micronutrient needs for hepatitis

low sodium

B complex (esp b12 and thiamine)

vit k

vit c, zinc (help with inflammation and promote appetite)

sources of vit k

leafy greens

eggs

kiwi

foods high in zinc

shellfish

nuts

oatmeal

poultry

dairy

foods high in vitamin B

meats

seafood

eggs

dairy

leafy greens

avocado

a nurse is caring for a client with hepatitis. This client has no complaints of nausea or vomiting. Which food selection should the nurse offer to this client?

egg sandwich

stages of liver damage

healthy liver → hepatic steatosis (NAFLD) → steatohepatitis (NASH) → liver cirrhosis

nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

excess fat builds up in the liver leading to inflammation or scarring

can be with obesity and insulin resistance

risk factors for NAFLD

rapid weight loss

excess weight

diabetes

high chol or tri

nutritional therapy for NAFLD

eliminate alc

limit sat fats, simple sugars

whole carbs (containing natural sugars)

fruits

leafy greens/veggies

stachy veggies

whole grains

refined carbs (often with refined sugars)

candy

soda

pastries

sugary cereals

white rice

cirrhosis is

irreversible

sx of cirrhosis

loss of appetite

fatigue

n/v

weight loss

abdominal pain

bruising/bleeding

jaundice

swelling of legs

cirrhosis: esophageal varicies diet

soft foods

nutritional therapy for cirrhosis: macro

high calorie

high-quality protein (plant if needed)

no alcohol

what is a positive nitrogen balance

anabolic

retaining more protein than losing

nutritional therapy for cirrhosis: micro

sodium restricted

water soluble vit

maintain fluid balance

thiamine (b1) rich foods

asparagus

spinach

pork

lettuce

foods rich in folate

asparagus

broccoli

citrus fruits

bananas

eggs

legumes

coping with fluid restriction

restrict sweat loss

use small cups of ice

good oral hygiene

avoid salty/spicy foods

take meds with applesauce

what should pts with cirrhosis encephalopathy eat

plant based proteins

low sodium

a client with cirrhosis has developed esophageal varices. Which food choices indicate the client understands the necessary modifications needed?

gelatin

bananas

oatmeal with honey

(soft foods)

which dietary recommendation is appropriate for a client with fatty liver disease?

eliminate alcohol

risk factors for gallbladder disorders

female

obesity

high fat diet

nutritional therapy for gallbladder disorders: acute attack

npo

nutritional therapy for gallbladder disorders: postoperatively

CL → regular diet as tolerated

nutritional therapy for gallbladder disorders

low fat diet may be recommended is not tolerating fatty food

avoid foods that cause discomfort

encourage unsat fats (omega 3)

what triggers pancreas to create enzymes and insulin

bile

pancreas is a

endocrine and exocrine organ

nutritional therapy for pancreatitis: acute

IV fluids, NPO, NG to suction

enteral feedings for pancreatitis

in jejunum to rest the pancreas

enteral is better if the gut works to keep its ability

complications for pancreatitis

malabsorption of fats and proteins

nutritional therapy for pancreatitis

high protein

nutrient dense

low fat

6 small meals a day

enzyme replacement

no alcohol