Phonology Exam 1

What phoneme is:  +obstruent, +consonantal, +back, +interrupted, +voice

/g/

What phoneme is:  +obstruent, +consonantal, +coronal, +anterior, +interrupted, + voice

/d/

What phoneme is +Obstruent, +Consonantal, +Interrupted, +Anterior, +Labial, +Voice

/b/

What phoneme is:  +obstruent, +consonantal, +back, +interrupted, -Voice

/k/

What phoneme is:  +obstruent, +consonantal, +coronal, +anterior, +interrupted, -voice

/t/

What phoneme is +Obstruent, +Consonantal, +Interrupted, +Anterior, +Labial, -voice

/p/

Question 1

At what age do children use final consonants and are able to communicate with words and demonstrate "syllableness".

2

What is the overall consensus on phoneme acquisition development between boys

and girls?

Girls and boys master different sounds at different times, but are equal by age 9

Question 3

How does the position of the larynx in an infant differ from the position of an adult’s?

The infant’s larynx is higher in the vocal tract

Question 4

During which of Oller’s developmental stages do infants produce marginal babbling and fully resonated vowels?

Exploration & Expansion Stage

According to Oller’s stages of prelinguistic development, which stage occurs around 4–6 months and includes increased vocal play and experimentation with sounds?

Exploration and Expansion Stage

What is the final phase before a child says their first word

Jargon stage

An infant speaks the sound sequence “ba-da-ga.” What kind of babbling does this best represent?

Variegated babbling

In what age range are children first able to distinguish between similar non-native speech sounds?

6-8 months old

Question 9

What is the highlight of the Exploration and Expansion Stage?

Vocal Play

According to the text, what is a fundamental aspect of language development in infants?

An innate desire to communicate.

What elements do these two phonemes have in common: /k/ and /t/ (Choose all that apply)

Manner and voice

What elements do these two phonemes have in common: /p/ and /b/ (Choose all that apply)

Manner and place

What elements do these two phonemes have in common: /k/ and /g/ (Choose all that apply)

Manner and place

What elements do these two phonemes have in common: /t/ and /p/ (Choose all that apply)

Manner and voice

What elements do these two phonemes have in common: /p/ and /d/ (Choose all that apply)

Manner

What elements do these two phonemes have in common: /d/ and /k/ (Choose all that apply)

Manner

What elements do these two phonemes have in common: /b/ and /k/ (Choose all that apply)

Manner

What elements do these two phonemes have in common: /d/ and /b/ (Choose all that apply)

Manner and voice

What elements do these two phonemes have in common: /t/ and /b/ (Choose all that apply)

Manner

What elements do these two phonemes have in common: /t/ and /d/ (Choose all that apply)

Manner and place

lingua-velar, stop, vocal folds adducted + mid, front, tense vowel, lips spread

+ unvoiced, lingua-alveolar, stop

gate

Question 2

unvoiced lingua-alveolar, stop + mid, front, tense vowel, lips spread

+ bilabial, stop, vocal folds abducted

Option A

tape

voiced, bilabial, stop + high, front tense vowel, lips spread+ lingua-alveolar, stop, vocal folds abducted

beat

Question 4

unvoiced, lingua-velar, stop + low, front, lax vowel, lips unrounded + lingua-alveolar, stop, vocal folds abducted

Option A

cat

Question 5

lingua-velar, stop, vocal folds abducted + mid-high, front, lax vowel + lingua-alveolar, stop, vocal folds abducted

Option C

kit

Question 6

bilabial, stop, vocal folds adducted+ low, front, lax, vowel+ voiced, lingua-alveolar, stop

bad

voiced, lingua-alveolar, stop + high, front tense vowel, lips spread + lingua-alveolar, stop, vocal folds adducted

deed

Question 2

lingua-alveolar, stop, vocal folds adducted + mid-high, front, lax vowel, lips spread + voiced, lingua-velar, stop

Option C

dig

lingua-alveolar, stop, vocal folds abducted+ mid-high, front, lax, vowel+ unvoiced, lingua-velar, stop

Option B

tick

Question 7

unvoiced, lingua-velar, stop+ mid, front, tense vowel, lips spread + unvoiced lingua-alveolar, stop

Option B

Kate

Question 1

unvoiced lingua-alveolar, stop + low, back, lax vowel, lips unrounded

+ bilabial, stop, vocal folds abducted

top

Question 2

lingua-alveolar, stop, vocal folds adducted + low, back, lax vowel, lips unrounded + voiced, lingua-velar, stop

dog

Question 3

lingua-velar, stop, vocal folds adducted + mid-high, back, lax vowel, lips rounded

+ voiced, lingua-alveolar, stop

goat

Question 4

unvoiced, lingua-velar, stop+ mid-low, back, lax vowel, lips rounded + unvoiced lingua-alveolar, stop

caught

voiced, bilabial, stop + high, back, tense vowel, lips rounded+ lingua-alveolar, stop, vocal folds abducted

boot

voiced, lingua-alveolar, stop + high, back, tense vowel, lips rounded + lingua-alveolar, stop, vocal folds adducted

dude

lingua-alveolar, stop, vocal folds abducted+ mid-high, front, lax, vowel+ unvoiced, lingua-velar, stop

Option B

tick

unvoiced lingua-alveolar, stop + low, back, lax vowel, lips unrounded

+ bilabial, stop, vocal folds abducted

top

unvoiced, lingua-velar, stop + mid-high, back, lax vowel, lips rounded + lingua-velar, stop, vocal folds abducted

cook

lingua-velar, stop, vocal folds adducted + mid-high, back, lax vowel, lips rounded

+ voiced, lingua-alveolar, stop

good