Greek and Roman Art

Midterm 1

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Lefkandi hero's grave (10th c. BC) — Homeric burial that predates Homer. The heroic age was real

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East Greek kotyle (drinking cup) with inscription, known as “Nestor’s Cup,” 720 BC - Tiny cup in a child's grave in Italy. Quotes Homer. Proves alphabet + epic traveled together.

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Attic Geometric amphora with prothesis (lamentation), known as the “Dipylon Amphora”, 760-735 BC - Man's grave. Shows ekphora.

Chariots = warriors departing? or funeral games? Ambiguous.

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Attic Geometric krater with ekphora (procession to the grave) and chariots, 760-735 BC - Man's grave.

Naval battle added. Myth or real life? The debate at its most intense.

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Attic Geometric krater with prothesis and battle scene, 760-735 BC - Man's grave. Naval battle added. Myth or real life? The debate at its most intense.

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Attic Geometric oinochoe (wine pouring vessel) with shipwreck scene, ca. 740–720 BC - NOT a grave marker — symposium vessel. Shipwreck may depict Odyssey. Context changes everything.

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Terracotta and bronze offerings to Zeus from the ash altar at Olympia, 9th-7th centuries BC - Thousands of tiny figurines at the ash altar. Panhellenic religion before temples.

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Bronze tripod leg showing the struggle for the tripod(?), Olympia, 8th c. BC - Herakles vs. Apollo fighting over a tripod (probably). Possibly the first mythological scene in art.

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Bronze figurine of Apollo dedicated by Mantiklos, 700 BC - "I gave a tithe, Apollo — now you give back." Do ut des. First-person votive inscription. Homeric epithets.

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Protoattic amphora by the Analatos Painter with chariots, dancers, sphinxes, 700-680 BC - Hinge-point: Geometric + lotus + sphinxes. Old and new at once.

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Protocorinthian alabastron (perfume vessel) with griffin, lotuses, tree of life, 660-650 BC - Remember it as: tiny vessel, big technique. Griffin + lotus + black-figure = Near East meets Corinth.

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Protocorinthian aryballos with lion head and battle scene, 640 BC - Remember it as: smallest object, most staggering craftsmanship — the Corinthian technique pushed to its limit

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Phoenician silver bowl, 750-600 BC - This hammered silver bowl found in a Cyprus tomb—featuring battle, hunting, and mythological scenes that blend Egyptian, Assyrian, and Phoenician styles—serves as the quintessential portable luxury good carried by Phoenician traders, acting as a crucial artistic link that transmitted motifs from Near Eastern palace reliefs to Protocorinthian pottery and Greek artists.

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Chigi olpe (wine jug) with judgment of Paris, hoplite battle, riders, hunt, 650-640 BC - Greatest Protocorinthian vessel: hoplite phalanx + Judgment of Paris with named inscriptions.

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Kore known as the “Lady of Auxerre,” 650-600 BC - Canonical Daedalic kore: triangle face, wig hair, hand on chest. The agalma.

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Kore dedicated by Nikandre to Artemis, from near the Temple of Apollo, Delos, mid-7th century BC - First large marble dedication with named dedicant. Nikandre to Artemis. First-person inscription.

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Attic black figure dinos signed by Sophilos with the wedding of Peleus and Thetis, known as the “Sophilos Dinos”, 580-570 BC - First signed Athenian painter. "Sophilos painted me." Wedding of Peleus and Thetis.

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Attic black-figure krater, known as “The François Vase”, with scenes from the life of Peleus and Achilles, signed by Kleitias as painter and Ergotimos as potter, 570 BC - 270 figures, 121 inscriptions. 5 scenes: Peleus to death of Achilles. Found in Etruscan tomb.

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Attic black figure amphora with Achilles and Ajax gaming, signed by Exekias, 540-530 BC - Scene not in any text. Heroes at leisure. Achilles winning, shadowed by what comes next for Ajax.

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Attic black figure amphora with the suicide of Ajax, signed by Exekias, 550-540 BC - Same artist completes Ajax's arc. Moment of deliberation. Personal artistic investment.

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Attic red figure krater with Sarpedon being carried to the underworld by Sleep and Death, signed by Euphronios, known as the “Euphronios krater” or the “Sarpedon krater”, 515 BC - Red figure masterpiece. Sarpedon carried by Hypnos + Thanatos. Hermes as psychopomp.

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Attic red figure amphora signed by Euthymides, with dancing revelers, with the inscription “as never Euphronios”, late 6th century BC - "As never Euphronios." First artistic boast in history. Three-quarter body poses prove the claim.

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Attic kouros, known as the “New York kouros”, 590 BC

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Calf-bearer from the Athenian Acropolis, 560 BC

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Kore from the Athenian Acropolis, 520-500 BC

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Grave monument (kore) of Phrasiklea, 540 BC

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Grave monument (kouros) of Kroisos, known as the Kroisos kouros or Anavysos kouros, 530 BC

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Archaic grave stelai of warriors and athletes, 550-510 BC (various)

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Siphnian Treasury at Delphi, 525 BC (north frieze: Gigantomachy; east frieze: assembly of gods and Trojan war; pediment: Apollo and Herakles struggle for the tripod)

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Siphnian Treasury at Delphi, 525 BC - North frieze: Gigantomachy

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Siphnian Treasury at Delphi, 525 BC - East frieze: assembly of gods and Trojan war

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Siphnian Treasury at Delphi, 525 BC - Pediment: Apollo and Herakles struggle for the tripod

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Kritios Boy from the Athenian Acropolis, 480-460 BC

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Doryphoros (spear-barer), Roman marble copy from a Greek original, 440 BC

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Parthenon (metopes: Gigantomachy, Centauromachy, Sack of Troy, Amazonomachy; frieze: Panathenaic procession with gods and “peplos” scene), 447-432 BC

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Parthenon - metopes: Gigantomachy

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Parthenon - Centauromachy

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Parthenon metopes: Sack of Troy

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Parthenon metopes: Amazonomachy

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Parthenon: Frieze: Panathenaic procession with gods and “peplos” scene), 447-432 BC

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Classical Athenian grave stelai with women and children, 430-330 BC (various)

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Attic red figure lebes gamikos (wedding vase) with preparations for wedding, 410 BC

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Classical Athenian grave stele of Hegeso with maid, end of 5th c. BC

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Attic black figure loutrophoros (wedding/funeral vase) with prothesis scene, late 6th c. BC

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Attic white ground lekythos (oil vessel) with preparations to visit the grave, 440 BC

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Attic black figure lekythos (oil vessel) with weaving scenes, 550-530 BC

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Attic red figure hydria (water vessel) with domestic scene of woman spinning, 450-425 BC

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Temple of Apollo at Bassae, late 5 th c. BC (frieze: Centauromachy and Amazonomachy)

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Attic black figure and red-figure plates with Scythians, 520-500 BC

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Attic red figure kylix (cup) with Greek defeating Persian, 480 BC

Attic red figure amphora (wine storage jar) by Myson with abduction of Amazon queen Antiope, 490 BC

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Attic red figure amphora (wine storage jar) by Myson with abduction of Amazon queen Antiope, 490 BC

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Attic red figure kantharos (drinking cup) with Greek and Amazon, 430-420 BC

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Attic red figure krater (wine-mixing vessel), with fleeing Persian, 460 BC

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Attic red figure amphora (wine storage jar) with satyr holding wine skein and rhyton, 490-480 BC

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Attic red figure kylix (cup) with maenads and satyrs reveling, 490-480 BC

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Attic red figure tondo scenes from interior of cups, late 6 th and early 5th c (various)

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Temple of Athena Nike (frieze: battle of Greeks and Persians)

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Temple of Athena Nike (frieze: battle of Greeks and Persians

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Bronze boxer from Olympia, 350 BC

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Aphrodite of Knidos by Praxiteles, Roman marble copy of an original from 350-340 BC

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Tomb of King Erbinna from Xanthos in Lycia, known as the “Nereid Monument”, with battle scenes and Erbinna holding court, 390-370 BC

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Great Altar at Pergamon

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Great Altar at Pergamon with Gigantomachy, 160 BC

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Portrait of Alexander the Great, 336 BC or Roman copy

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The Alexander Mosaic (Roman mosaic copy of Greek painting) of the 4th c. BC

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Sarcophagus of King Abdalonymos of Sidon (the Alexander Sarcophagus), last quarter of the 4th c. BC

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Statuette of Serapis, Roman marble copy of a Greek original, 3rd c. BC

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Silver coin with the head of Herakles or Alexander the Great as Herakles, 336-323 BC

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Coin of King Lysimakhos of Thrace with the head of Alexander with the horns of Zeus Ammon, 305-281 BC