Male & Female Genital Systems

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the anatomy, measurements, and clinical relations of the male and female genital systems based on the lecture transcript.

Primary sex organs (Male)

The two testis.

Accessory sex organs (Male)

Includes $2$ Epididymis, $2$ Vas deference, $2$ Seminal vesicle, $1$ Prostate gland, and the male urethra & penis.

Testis

An oval/ellipsoid gland serving both endocrine and exocrine functions; it measures $4 \times 3 \times 2.5\,cm$ and weighs about $10-15\,gm$ in an adult.

The Scrotum

A fibromuscular cutaneous sac located between the penis and anus, divided into right and left portions by a median raph or scrotum septum and consisting of $5$ layers.

Tunica vaginalis

The outermost covering of the testis, which is a remnant of the processus vaginalis.

Tunica albuginea

The middle, fibrous tissue coat of the testis that sends septa to divide the glandular part into $200-300$ lobules.

Tunica vasculosa

The innermost vascular layer of the testis lining the lobules.

Rete Testis

The network formed where seminiferous tubules from each lobule ($2-3$ per lobule) anastomose at their apices.

Testicular artery

A branch of the Abdominal aorta originating at the level of $L2$ that supplies the testis.

Pampiniform plexus

A plexus of veins that drains the testis into the testicular vein, which eventually drains into the IVC on the right side and the left renal vein on the left side.

Epididymis

A comma-shaped organ attached to the posterolateral aspect of the testis, formed of a highly coiled single tube measuring $6\,m$ in length.

Spermatic cord

A structure formed as the testis traverses the abdominal wall, containing the Ductus deferens, testicular and cremasteric arteries, pampiniform plexus, and nerves.

Vas Deference

A muscular duct $45\,cm$ long that transports spermatozoa from the tail of the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct; it dilates to form the ampulla before joining the seminal vesicle duct.

Seminal vesicle

Two lobulated accessory glands about $5\,cm$ long lying on the posterior surface of the bladder, medially related to the ampulla of the vas deferens.

Ejaculatory Ducts

Ducts less than $2.5\,cm$ long formed by the union of the vas deferens and the duct of the seminal vesicle; they open into the prostatic urethra.

Prostate

An unpaired accessory gland shaped like an inverted rounded cone, located inferior to the bladder and above the urogenital diaphragm.

Median lobe (Prostate)

The lobe of the prostate situated between the urethra and the ejaculatory ducts.

Primary sex organ (Female)

The Ovary.

Secondary sex organs (Female)

Includes the Uterine tube, Uterus, and Vagina.

Ovary

An oval or almond-shaped organ measuring $3 \times 2 \times 1\,cm$ located in the ovarian fossa between external iliac vessels, internal iliac vessels, and the ureter.

Suspensory ligament

A ligament extending from the tubal (upper) end of the ovary to the side wall of the pelvis.

Mesovarium

A ligament from the anterior border of the ovary to the broad ligament that transmits ovarian nerves and vessels.

Ovarian artery

A branch of the abdominal aorta originating at the level of the $1st$ lumbar vertebra ($L1$) that supplies the ovary.

Uterine Tube (Fallopian Tubes)

A $10\,cm$ long tube located in the upper border of the broad ligament; the site of fertilization consisting of the infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, and intramural part.

Ampulla (Uterine Tube)

The widest part of the uterine tube.

Uterus

A hollow, pear-shaped muscular organ measuring $8 \times 5 \times 2.5\,cm$ in a nullipara; parts include the fundus, body, and cervix.

Anteverted

The position where the long axis of the uterus or cervix forms a right angle (90^circ) with the long axis of the vagina.

Anteflexed

The position where the long axis of the body of the uterus forms an angle of 170^circ with the long axis of the cervix.

Pouch of Douglas

The rectouterine pouch located posteriorly to the uterus, often containing coils of ileum or sigmoid colon.

Uterine wall layers

From inward to external: Endometrium, Myometrium, and Parametrium.

Round ligament of uterus

Extends from the supero-lateral angle of the uterus to the labium majus, helping keep the uterus anteverted and anteflexed.

Vagina

A muscular tube $8\,cm$ long extending from the uterus to the vulva, featuring four fornices: anterior, posterior, and two lateral.